LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - gdk - gdk_batop.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: coverage.info Lines: 1481 1905 77.7 %
Date: 2024-10-03 20:03:20 Functions: 26 26 100.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /*
       2             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
       3             :  *
       4             :  * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
       5             :  * License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
       6             :  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
       7             :  *
       8             :  * Copyright 2024 MonetDB Foundation;
       9             :  * Copyright August 2008 - 2023 MonetDB B.V.;
      10             :  * Copyright 1997 - July 2008 CWI.
      11             :  */
      12             : 
      13             : /*
      14             :  * (c) M. L. Kersten, P. Boncz, S. Manegold, N. Nes, K.S. Mullender
      15             :  * Common BAT Operations
      16             :  * We factor out all possible overhead by inlining code.  This
      17             :  * includes the macros BUNhead and BUNtail, which do a test to see
      18             :  * whether the atom resides in the buns or in a variable storage
      19             :  * heap.
      20             :  */
      21             : #include "monetdb_config.h"
      22             : #include "gdk.h"
      23             : #include "gdk_private.h"
      24             : 
      25             : gdk_return
      26    57413560 : unshare_varsized_heap(BAT *b)
      27             : {
      28    57413560 :         if (ATOMvarsized(b->ttype) &&
      29    23173504 :             b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid) {
      30         848 :                 Heap *h = GDKmalloc(sizeof(Heap));
      31         848 :                 if (h == NULL)
      32             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
      33         848 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("unshare vheap");
      34        1696 :                 *h = (Heap) {
      35         848 :                         .parentid = b->batCacheid,
      36         848 :                         .farmid = BBPselectfarm(b->batRole, TYPE_str, varheap),
      37             :                         .refs = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(1),
      38             :                 };
      39         848 :                 strconcat_len(h->filename, sizeof(h->filename),
      40         848 :                               BBP_physical(b->batCacheid), ".theap", NULL);
      41         848 :                 if (HEAPcopy(h, b->tvheap, 0) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
      42           0 :                         HEAPfree(h, true);
      43           0 :                         GDKfree(h);
      44           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
      45             :                 }
      46         848 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
      47         848 :                 Heap *oh = b->tvheap;
      48         848 :                 b->tvheap = h;
      49         848 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
      50         848 :                 BBPrelease(oh->parentid);
      51         848 :                 HEAPdecref(oh, false);
      52             :         }
      53             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
      54             : }
      55             : 
      56             : /* We try to be clever when appending one string bat to another.
      57             :  * First of all, we try to actually share the string heap so that we
      58             :  * don't need an extra copy, and if that can't be done, we see whether
      59             :  * it makes sense to just quickly copy the whole string heap instead
      60             :  * of inserting individual strings.  See the comments in the code for
      61             :  * more information. */
      62             : static gdk_return
      63       97840 : insert_string_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci, bool force, bool mayshare, QryCtx *qry_ctx)
      64             : {
      65       97840 :         size_t toff = ~(size_t) 0;      /* tail offset */
      66       97840 :         BUN p, r;               /* loop variables */
      67       97840 :         const void *tp = NULL;  /* tail value pointer */
      68       97840 :         var_t v;
      69       97840 :         size_t off;             /* offset within n's string heap */
      70       97840 :         BUN cnt = ci->ncand;
      71       97840 :         BUN oldcnt = BATcount(b);
      72             : 
      73       97840 :         assert(b->ttype == TYPE_str);
      74       97840 :         assert(b->tbaseoff == 0);
      75       97840 :         assert(b->theap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
      76             :         /* only transient bats can use some other bat's string heap */
      77       97840 :         assert(b->batRole == TRANSIENT || b->tvheap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
      78       97840 :         if (cnt == 0)
      79             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
      80             : 
      81       97838 :         if (b->tvheap == ni->vh) {
      82             :                 /* vheaps are already shared, continue doing so: we just
      83             :                  * need to append the offsets */
      84       27799 :                 toff = 0;
      85       27799 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("shared vheap");
      86       70039 :         } else if (mayshare && b->batRole == TRANSIENT && oldcnt == 0) {
      87             :                 /* we can share the vheaps, so we then only need to
      88             :                  * append the offsets */
      89       56538 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
      90       56537 :                 bat bid = b->tvheap->parentid;
      91       56537 :                 HEAPdecref(b->tvheap, bid == b->batCacheid);
      92       56543 :                 HEAPincref(ni->vh);
      93       56544 :                 b->tvheap = ni->vh;
      94       56544 :                 b->tascii = ni->ascii;
      95       56544 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
      96       56544 :                 BBPretain(ni->vh->parentid);
      97       56544 :                 if (bid != b->batCacheid)
      98           0 :                         BBPrelease(bid);
      99       56544 :                 toff = 0;
     100       56544 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("share vheap");
     101             :         } else {
     102             :                 /* no heap sharing, so also make sure the heap isn't
     103             :                  * shared currently (we're not allowed to write in
     104             :                  * another bat's heap) */
     105       14349 :                 if (b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid &&
     106         848 :                     unshare_varsized_heap(b) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     107             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     108             :                 }
     109       13501 :                 if (oldcnt == 0 || (!GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(b->tvheap) &&
     110          72 :                                     !GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(ni->vh))) {
     111             :                         /* we'll consider copying the string heap completely
     112             :                          *
     113             :                          * we first estimate how much space the string heap
     114             :                          * should occupy, given the number of rows we need to
     115             :                          * insert, then, if that is way smaller than the actual
     116             :                          * space occupied, we will skip the copy and just insert
     117             :                          * one by one */
     118             :                         size_t len = 0;
     119     5829807 :                         for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
     120     5824112 :                                 p = (BUN) (((double) rand() / RAND_MAX) * (cnt - 1));
     121     5824591 :                                 p = canditer_idx(ci, p) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     122     5823885 :                                 len += strlen(BUNtvar(*ni, p)) + 1;
     123             :                         }
     124        5695 :                         len = (len + 512) / 1024; /* rounded average length */
     125        5695 :                         r = (GDK_ELIMLIMIT - GDK_STRHASHSIZE) / (len + 12);
     126             :                         /* r is estimate of number of strings in
     127             :                          * double-eliminated area */
     128        5695 :                         if (r < ci->ncand)
     129         908 :                                 len = GDK_ELIMLIMIT + (ci->ncand - r) * len;
     130             :                         else
     131        4787 :                                 len = GDK_STRHASHSIZE + ci->ncand * (len + 12);
     132             :                         /* len is total estimated expected size of vheap */
     133             : 
     134        5695 :                         if (len > ni->vhfree / 2) {
     135             :                                 /* we copy the string heap, perhaps appending */
     136        5684 :                                 if (oldcnt == 0) {
     137        5656 :                                         toff = 0;
     138        5656 :                                         MT_thread_setalgorithm("copy vheap");
     139             :                                 } else {
     140          28 :                                         toff = (b->tvheap->free + GDK_VARALIGN - 1) & ~(GDK_VARALIGN - 1);
     141          28 :                                         MT_thread_setalgorithm("append vheap");
     142             :                                 }
     143             : 
     144        5684 :                                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     145        5684 :                                 if (HEAPgrow(&b->tvheap, toff + ni->vhfree, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     146           0 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     147           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
     148             :                                 }
     149        5683 :                                 memcpy(b->tvheap->base + toff, ni->vh->base, ni->vhfree);
     150        5683 :                                 b->tvheap->free = toff + ni->vhfree;
     151        5683 :                                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
     152        5683 :                                 b->tascii &= ni->ascii;
     153        5683 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     154             :                         }
     155             :                 }
     156             :         }
     157             :         /* if toff has the initial value of ~0, we insert strings
     158             :          * individually, otherwise we only copy (insert) offsets */
     159       90027 :         if (toff == ~(size_t) 0)
     160             :                 v = GDK_VAROFFSET;
     161             :         else
     162       90027 :                 v = b->tvheap->free - 1;
     163             : 
     164             :         /* make sure there is (vertical) space in the offset heap, we
     165             :          * may also widen thanks to v, set above */
     166       97847 :         if (GDKupgradevarheap(b, v, oldcnt + cnt < b->batCapacity ? b->batCapacity : oldcnt + cnt, b->batCount) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     167             :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     168             :         }
     169             : 
     170       97845 :         if (toff == 0 && ni->width == b->twidth && ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     171             :                 /* we don't need to do any translation of offset
     172             :                  * values, so we can use fast memcpy */
     173       89784 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("memcpy offsets");
     174       89780 :                 memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)), (const char *) ni->base + ((ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) << ni->shift), cnt << ni->shift);
     175        8061 :         } else if (toff != ~(size_t) 0) {
     176             :                 /* we don't need to insert any actual strings since we
     177             :                  * have already made sure that they are all in b's
     178             :                  * string heap at known locations (namely the offset
     179             :                  * in n added to toff), so insert offsets from n after
     180             :                  * adding toff into b */
     181             :                 /* note the use of the "restrict" qualifier here: all
     182             :                  * four pointers below point to the same value, but
     183             :                  * only one of them will actually be used, hence we
     184             :                  * still obey the rule for restrict-qualified
     185             :                  * pointers */
     186         240 :                 const uint8_t *restrict tbp = (const uint8_t *) ni->base;
     187         240 :                 const uint16_t *restrict tsp = (const uint16_t *) ni->base;
     188         240 :                 const uint32_t *restrict tip = (const uint32_t *) ni->base;
     189             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     190         240 :                 const uint64_t *restrict tlp = (const uint64_t *) ni->base;
     191             : #endif
     192             : 
     193         240 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("copy offset values");
     194         240 :                 r = b->batCount;
     195     3090894 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     196     3090242 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     197     3090242 :                         switch (ni->width) {
     198         224 :                         case 1:
     199         224 :                                 v = (var_t) tbp[p] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
     200         224 :                                 break;
     201        4645 :                         case 2:
     202        4645 :                                 v = (var_t) tsp[p] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
     203        4645 :                                 break;
     204     3085373 :                         case 4:
     205     3085373 :                                 v = (var_t) tip[p];
     206     3085373 :                                 break;
     207             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     208           0 :                         case 8:
     209           0 :                                 v = (var_t) tlp[p];
     210           0 :                                 break;
     211             : #endif
     212             :                         default:
     213           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
     214             :                         }
     215     3090242 :                         v = (var_t) ((size_t) v + toff);
     216     3090242 :                         assert(v >= GDK_VAROFFSET);
     217     3090242 :                         assert((size_t) v < b->tvheap->free);
     218     3090242 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
     219        4639 :                         case 1:
     220        4639 :                                 assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 8));
     221        4639 :                                 ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint8_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     222        4639 :                                 break;
     223         879 :                         case 2:
     224         879 :                                 assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 16));
     225         879 :                                 ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint16_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     226         879 :                                 break;
     227     3084724 :                         case 4:
     228             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     229     3084724 :                                 assert(v < ((var_t) 1 << 32));
     230             : #endif
     231     3084724 :                                 ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint32_t) v;
     232     3084724 :                                 break;
     233             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     234           0 :                         case 8:
     235           0 :                                 ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint64_t) v;
     236           0 :                                 break;
     237             : #endif
     238             :                         default:
     239     3090242 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
     240             :                         }
     241             :                 }
     242        7821 :         } else if (b->tvheap->free < ni->vhfree / 2 ||
     243             :                    GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(b->tvheap)) {
     244             :                 /* if b's string heap is much smaller than n's string
     245             :                  * heap, don't bother checking whether n's string
     246             :                  * values occur in b's string heap; also, if b is
     247             :                  * (still) fully double eliminated, we must continue
     248             :                  * to use the double elimination mechanism */
     249        7778 :                 r = b->batCount;
     250        7778 :                 oid hseq = ni->b->hseqbase;
     251        7778 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("insert string values");
     252    11431716 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     253    11415745 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - hseq;
     254    11209069 :                         tp = BUNtvar(*ni, p);
     255    11119651 :                         if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, tp) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     256             :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
     257             :                         }
     258    11415747 :                         r++;
     259             :                 }
     260             :         } else {
     261             :                 /* Insert values from n individually into b; however,
     262             :                  * we check whether there is a string in b's string
     263             :                  * heap at the same offset as the string is in n's
     264             :                  * string heap (in case b's string heap is a copy of
     265             :                  * n's).  If this is the case, we just copy the
     266             :                  * offset, otherwise we insert normally.  */
     267          43 :                 r = b->batCount;
     268          43 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("insert string values with check");
     269        6055 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     270        5969 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     271        5969 :                         off = BUNtvaroff(*ni, p); /* the offset */
     272        5969 :                         tp = ni->vh->base + off; /* the string */
     273        5969 :                         if (off < b->tvheap->free &&
     274        5969 :                             strcmp(b->tvheap->base + off, tp) == 0) {
     275             :                                 /* we found the string at the same
     276             :                                  * offset in b's string heap as it was
     277             :                                  * in n's string heap, so we don't
     278             :                                  * have to insert a new string into b:
     279             :                                  * we can just copy the offset */
     280        2314 :                                 v = (var_t) off;
     281        2314 :                                 switch (b->twidth) {
     282           0 :                                 case 1:
     283           0 :                                         assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 8));
     284           0 :                                         ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint8_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     285           0 :                                         break;
     286           4 :                                 case 2:
     287           4 :                                         assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 16));
     288           4 :                                         ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint16_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     289           4 :                                         break;
     290        2310 :                                 case 4:
     291             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     292        2310 :                                         assert(v < ((var_t) 1 << 32));
     293             : #endif
     294        2310 :                                         ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint32_t) v;
     295        2310 :                                         break;
     296             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     297           0 :                                 case 8:
     298           0 :                                         ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint64_t) v;
     299           0 :                                         break;
     300             : #endif
     301             :                                 default:
     302           0 :                                         MT_UNREACHABLE();
     303             :                                 }
     304             :                         } else {
     305        3655 :                                 if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, tp) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     306             :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
     307             :                                 }
     308             :                         }
     309        5969 :                         r++;
     310             :                 }
     311             :         }
     312       97841 :         TIMEOUT_CHECK(qry_ctx, TIMEOUT_HANDLER(GDK_FAIL, qry_ctx));
     313       97847 :         MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     314       97850 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     315       97834 :         BATsetcount(b, oldcnt + ci->ncand);
     316       97841 :         assert(b->batCapacity >= b->batCount);
     317       97841 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     318             :         /* maintain hash */
     319      100832 :         for (r = oldcnt, cnt = BATcount(b); b->thash && r < cnt; r++) {
     320        2989 :                 HASHappend_locked(b, r, b->tvheap->base + VarHeapVal(Tloc(b, 0), r, b->twidth));
     321             :         }
     322       97843 :         BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     323       97843 :         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     324       97840 :         if (nunique != 0) {
     325           9 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     326           9 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     327           9 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     328             :         }
     329             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     330             : }
     331             : 
     332             : static gdk_return
     333         448 : append_varsized_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci, bool mayshare)
     334             : {
     335         448 :         BUN cnt = ci->ncand, r;
     336         448 :         oid hseq = ni->b->hseqbase;
     337             : 
     338             :         /* only transient bats can use some other bat's vheap */
     339         448 :         assert(b->batRole == TRANSIENT || b->tvheap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
     340             :         /* make sure the bats use var_t */
     341         448 :         assert(b->twidth == ni->width);
     342         448 :         assert(b->twidth == SIZEOF_VAR_T);
     343         448 :         if (cnt == 0)
     344             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     345         448 :         if (cnt > BATcapacity(b) - BATcount(b)) {
     346             :                 /* if needed space exceeds a normal growth extend just
     347             :                  * with what's needed */
     348          18 :                 BUN ncap = BATcount(b) + cnt;
     349          18 :                 BUN grows = BATgrows(b);
     350             : 
     351          18 :                 if (ncap > grows)
     352             :                         grows = ncap;
     353          18 :                 if (BATextend(b, grows) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     354             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     355             :         }
     356         448 :         if (mayshare &&
     357         448 :             BATcount(b) == 0 &&
     358         233 :             b->batRole == TRANSIENT &&
     359         148 :             ni->restricted == BAT_READ &&
     360         148 :             b->tvheap != ni->vh) {
     361             :                 /* if b is still empty, in the transient farm, and n
     362             :                  * is read-only, we replace b's vheap with a reference
     363             :                  * to n's */
     364         148 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     365         148 :                 bat bid = b->tvheap->parentid;
     366         148 :                 HEAPdecref(b->tvheap, true);
     367         148 :                 HEAPincref(ni->vh);
     368         148 :                 b->tvheap = ni->vh;
     369         148 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     370         148 :                 BBPretain(ni->vh->parentid);
     371         148 :                 if (bid != b->batCacheid)
     372           0 :                         BBPrelease(bid);
     373             :         }
     374         448 :         if (b->tvheap == ni->vh) {
     375             :                 /* if b and n use the same vheap, we only need to copy
     376             :                  * the offsets from n to b */
     377         286 :                 if (ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     378             :                         /* fast memcpy since we copy a consecutive
     379             :                          * chunk of memory */
     380         286 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)),
     381         286 :                                (const var_t *) ni->base + (ci->seq - hseq),
     382         286 :                                cnt << b->tshift);
     383             :                 } else {
     384           0 :                         var_t *restrict dst = (var_t *) Tloc(b, BATcount(b));
     385           0 :                         const var_t *restrict src = (const var_t *) ni->base;
     386           0 :                         while (cnt > 0) {
     387           0 :                                 cnt--;
     388           0 :                                 *dst++ = src[canditer_next(ci) - hseq];
     389             :                         }
     390             :                 }
     391         286 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     392         286 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     393         286 :                 BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci->ncand);
     394         286 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     395             :                 /* maintain hash table */
     396         286 :                 for (BUN i = BATcount(b) - ci->ncand;
     397         286 :                      b->thash && i < BATcount(b);
     398           0 :                      i++) {
     399           0 :                         HASHappend_locked(b, i, b->tvheap->base + *(var_t *) Tloc(b, i));
     400             :                 }
     401         286 :                 BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     402         286 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     403         286 :                 if (nunique != 0) {
     404           0 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     405           0 :                         b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     406           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     407             :                 }
     408         286 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     409             :         }
     410             :         /* b and n do not share their vheap, so we need to copy data */
     411         162 :         if (b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid) {
     412             :                 /* if b shares its vheap with some other bat, unshare it */
     413          20 :                 Heap *h = GDKmalloc(sizeof(Heap));
     414          20 :                 if (h == NULL) {
     415             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     416             :                 }
     417          40 :                 *h = (Heap) {
     418          20 :                         .parentid = b->batCacheid,
     419          20 :                         .farmid = BBPselectfarm(b->batRole, b->ttype, varheap),
     420             :                         .refs = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(1),
     421             :                 };
     422          20 :                 strconcat_len(h->filename, sizeof(h->filename),
     423          20 :                               BBP_physical(b->batCacheid), ".theap", NULL);
     424          20 :                 if (HEAPcopy(h, b->tvheap, 0) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     425           0 :                         HEAPfree(h, true);
     426           0 :                         GDKfree(h);
     427           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     428             :                 }
     429          20 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     430          20 :                 Heap *oh = b->tvheap;
     431          20 :                 b->tvheap = h;
     432          20 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     433          20 :                 if (oh->parentid != b->batCacheid)
     434          20 :                         BBPrelease(oh->parentid);
     435          20 :                 HEAPdecref(oh, false);
     436             :         }
     437         162 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 &&
     438          85 :             ci->tpe == cand_dense && ci->ncand == ni->count) {
     439             :                 /* just copy the heaps */
     440          85 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     441          85 :                 if (HEAPgrow(&b->tvheap, ni->vhfree, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     442           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     443           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     444             :                 }
     445          85 :                 memcpy(b->theap->base, ni->base, ni->hfree);
     446          85 :                 memcpy(b->tvheap->base, ni->vh->base, ni->vhfree);
     447          85 :                 b->theap->free = ni->hfree;
     448          85 :                 b->theap->dirty = true;
     449          85 :                 b->tvheap->free = ni->vhfree;
     450          85 :                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
     451          85 :                 BATsetcount(b, ni->count);
     452          85 :                 b->tnil = ni->nil;
     453          85 :                 b->tnonil = ni->nonil;
     454          85 :                 b->tsorted = ni->sorted;
     455          85 :                 b->tnosorted = ni->nosorted;
     456          85 :                 b->trevsorted = ni->revsorted;
     457          85 :                 b->tnorevsorted = ni->norevsorted;
     458          85 :                 b->tkey = ni->key;
     459          85 :                 b->tnokey[0] = ni->nokey[0];
     460          85 :                 b->tnokey[1] = ni->nokey[1];
     461          85 :                 b->tminpos = ni->minpos;
     462          85 :                 b->tmaxpos = ni->maxpos;
     463          85 :                 b->tunique_est = ni->unique_est;
     464          85 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     465          85 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     466             :         }
     467             :         /* copy data from n to b */
     468             :         r = BATcount(b);
     469      380587 :         for (BUN i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
     470      380510 :                 BUN p = canditer_next(ci) - hseq;
     471      380510 :                 const void *t = BUNtvar(*ni, p);
     472      380510 :                 if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, t) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     473             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     474             :                 }
     475      380510 :                 r++;
     476             :         }
     477          77 :         MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     478          77 :         if (b->thash) {
     479           0 :                 r -= cnt;
     480           0 :                 BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     481           0 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
     482           0 :                         const void *t = BUNtvar(bi, r);
     483           0 :                         HASHappend_locked(b, r, t);
     484           0 :                         r++;
     485             :                 }
     486             :         }
     487          77 :         BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     488          77 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     489          77 :         BATsetcount(b, r);
     490          77 :         if (nunique != 0)
     491           0 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     492          77 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     493          77 :         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     494          77 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     495             : }
     496             : 
     497             : static gdk_return
     498         127 : append_msk_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci)
     499             : {
     500         127 :         if (ci->ncand == 0)
     501             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     502         127 :         if (BATextend(b, BATcount(b) + ci->ncand) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     503             :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     504             : 
     505         127 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     506             : 
     507         127 :         uint32_t boff = b->batCount % 32;
     508         127 :         uint32_t *bp = (uint32_t *) b->theap->base + b->batCount / 32;
     509         127 :         b->batCount += ci->ncand;
     510         127 :         b->theap->dirty = true;
     511         127 :         b->theap->free = ((b->batCount + 31) / 32) * 4;
     512         127 :         if (ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     513         127 :                 const uint32_t *np;
     514         127 :                 uint32_t noff, mask;
     515         127 :                 BUN cnt;
     516         127 :                 noff = (ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) % 32;
     517         127 :                 cnt = ci->ncand;
     518         127 :                 np = (const uint32_t *) ni->base + (ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) / 32;
     519         127 :                 if (boff == noff) {
     520             :                         /* words of b and n are aligned, so we don't
     521             :                          * need to shift bits around */
     522          47 :                         if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     523             :                                 /* all new bits within one word */
     524          41 :                                 if (cnt == 32) {
     525           0 :                                         *bp = *np;
     526             :                                 } else {
     527          41 :                                         mask = ((1U << cnt) - 1) << boff;
     528          41 :                                         *bp &= ~mask;
     529          41 :                                         *bp |= *np & mask;
     530             :                                 }
     531             :                         } else {
     532             :                                 /* multiple words of b are affected */
     533           6 :                                 if (boff != 0) {
     534             :                                         /* first fill up the rest of the first
     535             :                                          * word */
     536           0 :                                         mask = ~0U << boff;
     537           0 :                                         *bp &= ~mask;
     538           0 :                                         *bp++ |= *np++ & mask;
     539           0 :                                         cnt -= 32 - boff;
     540             :                                 }
     541           6 :                                 if (cnt >= 32) {
     542             :                                         /* copy an integral number of words fast */
     543           6 :                                         BUN nw = cnt / 32;
     544           6 :                                         memcpy(bp, np, nw*sizeof(int));
     545           6 :                                         bp += nw;
     546           6 :                                         np += nw;
     547           6 :                                         cnt %= 32;
     548             :                                 }
     549           6 :                                 if (cnt > 0) {
     550             :                                         /* do the left over bits */
     551           6 :                                         mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     552           6 :                                         *bp = *np & mask;
     553             :                                 }
     554             :                         }
     555          80 :                 } else if (boff > noff) {
     556          80 :                         if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     557             :                                 /* we only need to copy bits from a
     558             :                                  * single word of n to a single word
     559             :                                  * of b */
     560             :                                 /* boff > 0, so cnt < 32, hence the
     561             :                                  * shift is ok */
     562          71 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     563          71 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     564          71 :                                 *bp |= (*np & (mask << noff)) << (boff - noff);
     565             :                         } else {
     566             :                                 /* first fill the rest of the last partial
     567             :                                  * word of b, so that's 32-boff bits */
     568           9 :                                 mask = (1U << (32 - boff)) - 1;
     569           9 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     570           9 :                                 *bp++ |= (*np & (mask << noff)) << (boff - noff);
     571           9 :                                 cnt -= 32 - boff;
     572             : 
     573             :                                 /* set boff and noff to the amount we need to
     574             :                                  * shift bits in consecutive words of n around
     575             :                                  * to fit into the next word of b; set mask to
     576             :                                  * the mask of the bottom bits of n that fit
     577             :                                  * in a word of b (and the complement are the
     578             :                                  * top bits that go to another word of b) */
     579           9 :                                 boff -= noff;
     580           9 :                                 noff = 32 - boff;
     581           9 :                                 mask = (1U << noff) - 1;
     582         141 :                                 while (cnt >= 32) {
     583         132 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     584         132 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     585         132 :                                         cnt -= 32;
     586             :                                 }
     587           9 :                                 if (cnt > noff) {
     588             :                                         /* the last bits come from two words
     589             :                                          * in n */
     590           4 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     591           4 :                                         cnt -= noff;
     592           4 :                                         mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     593           4 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     594           5 :                                 } else if (cnt > 0) {
     595             :                                         /* the last bits come from a single
     596             :                                          * word in n */
     597           5 :                                         mask = ((1U << cnt) - 1) << noff;
     598           5 :                                         *bp = (*np & mask) >> noff;
     599             :                                 }
     600             :                         }
     601             :                 } else {
     602             :                         /* boff < noff */
     603           0 :                         if (noff + cnt <= 32) {
     604             :                                 /* only need part of the first word of n */
     605           0 :                                 assert(cnt < 32); /* noff > 0, so cnt < 32 */
     606           0 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     607           0 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     608           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np & (mask << noff)) >> (noff - boff);
     609           0 :                         } else if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     610             :                                 /* only need to fill a single word of
     611             :                                  * b, but from two of n */
     612           0 :                                 if (cnt < 32)
     613           0 :                                         *bp &= ~(((1U << cnt) - 1) << boff);
     614             :                                 else
     615           0 :                                         *bp = 0;
     616           0 :                                 mask = ~((1U << noff) - 1);
     617           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np++ & mask) >> (noff - boff);
     618           0 :                                 cnt -= 32 - noff;
     619           0 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     620           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np & mask) << (32 - noff);
     621             :                         } else {
     622           0 :                                 if (boff > 0) {
     623             :                                         /* fill the rest of the first word of b */
     624           0 :                                         cnt -= 32 - boff;
     625           0 :                                         *bp &= (1U << boff) - 1;
     626           0 :                                         mask = ~((1U << noff) - 1);
     627           0 :                                         noff -= boff;
     628           0 :                                         boff = 32 - noff;
     629           0 :                                         *bp |= (*np++ & mask) >> noff;
     630           0 :                                         *bp |= (*np & ((1U << noff) - 1)) << boff;
     631             :                                 } else {
     632           0 :                                         boff = 32 - noff;
     633             :                                 }
     634           0 :                                 mask = (1U << noff) - 1;
     635           0 :                                 while (cnt >= 32) {
     636           0 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     637           0 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     638           0 :                                         cnt -= 32;
     639             :                                 }
     640           0 :                                 if (cnt > 0) {
     641           0 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     642           0 :                                         if (cnt > noff)
     643           0 :                                                 *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     644             :                                 }
     645             :                         }
     646             :                 }
     647             :         } else {
     648           0 :                 oid o;
     649           0 :                 uint32_t v = boff > 0 ? *bp & ((1U << boff) - 1) : 0;
     650           0 :                 do {
     651           0 :                         for (uint32_t i = boff; i < 32; i++) {
     652           0 :                                 o = canditer_next(ci);
     653           0 :                                 if (is_oid_nil(o))
     654             :                                         break;
     655           0 :                                 o -= ni->b->hseqbase;
     656           0 :                                 v |= (uint32_t) Tmskval(ni, o - ni->b->hseqbase) << i;
     657             :                         }
     658           0 :                         *bp++ = v;
     659           0 :                         v = 0;
     660           0 :                         boff = 0;
     661           0 :                 } while (!is_oid_nil(o));
     662             :         }
     663         127 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     664         127 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     665             : }
     666             : 
     667             : /* Append the contents of BAT n (subject to the optional candidate
     668             :  * list s) to BAT b.  If b is empty, b will get the seqbase of s if it
     669             :  * was passed in, and else the seqbase of n. */
     670             : static gdk_return
     671     1325268 : BATappend2(BAT *b, BAT *n, BAT *s, bool force, bool mayshare)
     672             : {
     673     1325268 :         struct canditer ci;
     674     1325268 :         BUN r;
     675     1325268 :         oid hseq = n->hseqbase;
     676     1325268 :         char buf[64];
     677     1325268 :         lng t0 = 0;
     678     1325268 :         const ValRecord *prop = NULL;
     679     1325268 :         ValRecord minprop, maxprop;
     680     1325268 :         const void *minbound = NULL, *maxbound = NULL;
     681     1325268 :         int (*atomcmp) (const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
     682     1325268 :         bool hlocked = false;
     683             : 
     684     1325268 :         if (b == NULL || n == NULL || BATcount(n) == 0) {
     685             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     686             :         }
     687      845966 :         assert(b->theap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
     688             : 
     689      845966 :         TRC_DEBUG_IF(ALGO) {
     690           0 :                 t0 = GDKusec();
     691           0 :                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ALGOBATFMT, ALGOBATPAR(b));
     692             :         }
     693             : 
     694      845966 :         ALIGNapp(b, force, GDK_FAIL);
     695             : 
     696     2515165 :         if (ATOMstorage(ATOMtype(b->ttype)) != ATOMstorage(ATOMtype(n->ttype))) {
     697           0 :                 GDKerror("Incompatible operands ("ALGOBATFMT" vs. "ALGOBATFMT").\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOBATPAR(n));
     698           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     699             :         }
     700             : 
     701      845955 :         if (BATttype(b) != BATttype(n) &&
     702             :             ATOMtype(b->ttype) != ATOMtype(n->ttype)) {
     703           0 :                 TRC_DEBUG(CHECK_, "Interpreting %s as %s.\n",
     704             :                           ATOMname(BATttype(n)), ATOMname(BATttype(b)));
     705             :         }
     706             : 
     707      845955 :         QryCtx *qry_ctx = MT_thread_get_qry_ctx();
     708             : 
     709      845921 :         BATiter ni = bat_iterator(n);
     710             : 
     711      845931 :         canditer_init(&ci, n, s);
     712      845965 :         if (ci.ncand == 0) {
     713           0 :                 goto doreturn;
     714             :         }
     715             : 
     716      845965 :         if (BATcount(b) + ci.ncand > BUN_MAX) {
     717           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     718           0 :                 GDKerror("combined BATs too large\n");
     719           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     720             :         }
     721             : 
     722      845965 :         if (b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) + ci.ncand >= GDK_oid_max) {
     723           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     724           0 :                 GDKerror("overflow of head value\n");
     725           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     726             :         }
     727             : 
     728      845965 :         IMPSdestroy(b);         /* imprints do not support updates yet */
     729      846061 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
     730      846020 :         STRMPdestroy(b);        /* TODO: use STRMPappendBitString */
     731      846045 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
     732             : 
     733      845995 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     734      845334 :         const bool notnull = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_NOT_NULL) != NULL;
     735      845306 :         if ((prop = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_MIN_BOUND)) != NULL &&
     736          48 :             VALcopy(&minprop, prop) != NULL) {
     737          48 :                 minbound = VALptr(&minprop);
     738          48 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n) &&
     739          62 :                     ni.minpos != BUN_NONE &&
     740          14 :                     atomcmp(BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos), minbound) < 0) {
     741           0 :                         assert(0);
     742             :                         GDKerror("value out of bounds\n");
     743             :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     744             :                         goto bailout;
     745             :                 }
     746             :         }
     747      845264 :         if ((prop = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_MAX_BOUND)) != NULL &&
     748          40 :             VALcopy(&maxprop, prop) != NULL) {
     749          40 :                 maxbound = VALptr(&maxprop);
     750          40 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n) &&
     751          52 :                     ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE &&
     752          12 :                     atomcmp(BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos), maxbound) >= 0) {
     753           0 :                         assert(0);
     754             :                         GDKerror("value out of bounds\n");
     755             :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     756             :                         goto bailout;
     757             :                 }
     758             :         }
     759             : 
     760      845541 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || b->tmaxpos != BUN_NONE) {
     761      401396 :                 if (ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
     762      149500 :                         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     763      149500 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || atomcmp(BUNtail(bi, b->tmaxpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos)) < 0) {
     764      145727 :                                 if (s == NULL) {
     765      145591 :                                         b->tmaxpos = BATcount(b) + ni.maxpos;
     766             :                                 } else {
     767         136 :                                         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
     768             :                                 }
     769             :                         }
     770             :                 } else {
     771      251896 :                         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
     772             :                 }
     773             :         }
     774      845541 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || b->tminpos != BUN_NONE) {
     775      401316 :                 if (ni.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
     776      149447 :                         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     777      149447 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || atomcmp(BUNtail(bi, b->tminpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos)) > 0) {
     778      145056 :                                 if (s == NULL) {
     779      144923 :                                         b->tminpos = BATcount(b) + ni.minpos;
     780             :                                 } else {
     781         133 :                                         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
     782             :                                 }
     783             :                         }
     784             :                 } else {
     785      251869 :                         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
     786             :                 }
     787             :         }
     788      845541 :         if (ci.ncand > BATcount(b) / gdk_unique_estimate_keep_fraction) {
     789      844981 :                 b->tunique_est = 0;
     790             :         }
     791      845541 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     792             :         /* load hash so that we can maintain it */
     793      845989 :         (void) BATcheckhash(b);
     794             : 
     795      846080 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
     796             :                 /* b does not have storage, keep it that way if we can */
     797       10723 :                 HASHdestroy(b); /* we're not maintaining the hash here */
     798       10724 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     799       10722 :                 if (BATtdensebi(&ni) && ci.tpe == cand_dense &&
     800        9716 :                     (BATcount(b) == 0 ||
     801        6683 :                      (BATtdense(b) &&
     802        6683 :                       b->tseqbase + BATcount(b) == n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq))) {
     803             :                         /* n is also dense and consecutive with b */
     804        9656 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0) {
     805        3033 :                                 if (minbound && n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq < *(const oid *)minbound) {
     806           0 :                                         assert(0);
     807             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     808             :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     809             :                                         goto bailout;
     810             :                                 }
     811        3033 :                                 BATtseqbase(b, n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq);
     812             :                         }
     813        9653 :                         if (maxbound && b->tseqbase + BATcount(b) + ci.ncand >= *(const oid *)maxbound) {
     814           0 :                                 assert(0);
     815             :                                 GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     816             :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     817             :                                 goto bailout;
     818             :                         }
     819        9653 :                         BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand);
     820        9653 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     821        9655 :                         goto doreturn;
     822             :                 }
     823        1066 :                 if ((BATcount(b) == 0 || is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase)) &&
     824          20 :                     ni.type == TYPE_void && is_oid_nil(n->tseqbase)) {
     825             :                         /* both b and n are void/nil */
     826           0 :                         if (notnull) {
     827           0 :                                 assert(0);
     828             :                                 GDKerror("NULL value not within bounds\n");
     829             :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     830             :                                 goto bailout;
     831             :                         }
     832           0 :                         BATtseqbase(b, oid_nil);
     833           0 :                         BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand);
     834           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     835           0 :                         goto doreturn;
     836             :                 }
     837             :                 /* we need to materialize b; allocate enough capacity */
     838        1066 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     839        1066 :                 if (BATmaterialize(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     840           0 :                         goto bailout;
     841             :                 }
     842             :         }
     843             : 
     844             :         /* property setting */
     845      836423 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     846      836295 :         r = BATcount(b);
     847             : 
     848      836295 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0) {
     849      391641 :                 b->tsorted = ni.sorted;
     850      391641 :                 b->trevsorted = ni.revsorted;
     851      391641 :                 b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     852      391641 :                 b->tnonil = ni.nonil;
     853      391641 :                 b->tnil = ni.nil && ci.ncand == BATcount(n);
     854      391641 :                 if (ci.tpe == cand_dense) {
     855      391491 :                         b->tnosorted = ci.seq - hseq <= ni.nosorted && ni.nosorted < ci.seq + ci.ncand - hseq ? ni.nosorted + hseq - ci.seq : 0;
     856      391491 :                         b->tnorevsorted = ci.seq - hseq <= ni.norevsorted && ni.norevsorted < ci.seq + ci.ncand - hseq ? ni.norevsorted + hseq - ci.seq : 0;
     857      391491 :                         if (BATtdensebi(&ni)) {
     858        1938 :                                 b->tseqbase = n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq;
     859             :                         }
     860             :                 } else {
     861         150 :                         b->tnosorted = 0;
     862         150 :                         b->tnorevsorted = 0;
     863             :                 }
     864      391641 :                 b->tkey = ni.key;
     865      391641 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n)) {
     866      391004 :                         b->tnokey[0] = ni.nokey[0];
     867      391004 :                         b->tnokey[1] = ni.nokey[1];
     868             :                 } else {
     869         637 :                         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
     870             :                 }
     871             :         } else {
     872      444654 :                 BUN last = r - 1;
     873      444654 :                 BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     874      444736 :                 int xx = ATOMcmp(b->ttype,
     875             :                                  BUNtail(ni, ci.seq - hseq),
     876             :                                  BUNtail(bi, last));
     877      444532 :                 if (b->tsorted && (!ni.sorted || xx < 0)) {
     878       17539 :                         b->tsorted = false;
     879       17539 :                         b->tnosorted = 0;
     880       17539 :                         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     881             :                 }
     882      444532 :                 if (b->trevsorted &&
     883       47690 :                     (!ni.revsorted || xx > 0)) {
     884       13809 :                         b->trevsorted = false;
     885       13809 :                         b->tnorevsorted = 0;
     886             :                 }
     887      444532 :                 if (b->tkey &&
     888       45654 :                     (!(b->tsorted || b->trevsorted) ||
     889       33931 :                      !ni.key || xx == 0)) {
     890       16241 :                         BATkey(b, false);
     891             :                 }
     892      444535 :                 if (b->ttype != TYPE_void && b->tsorted && BATtdense(b) &&
     893        1132 :                     (!BATtdensebi(&ni) ||
     894         892 :                      ci.tpe != cand_dense ||
     895         446 :                      1 + *(oid *) BUNtloc(bi, last) != BUNtoid(n, ci.seq - hseq))) {
     896         703 :                         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     897             :                 }
     898      444535 :                 b->tnonil &= ni.nonil;
     899      880213 :                 b->tnil |= ni.nil && ci.ncand == ni.count;
     900             :         }
     901      836176 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     902      836166 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_str) {
     903       97836 :                 if (insert_string_bat(b, &ni, &ci, force, mayshare, qry_ctx) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     904           0 :                         goto bailout;
     905             :                 }
     906      738330 :         } else if (ATOMvarsized(b->ttype)) {
     907         448 :                 if (append_varsized_bat(b, &ni, &ci, mayshare) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     908           0 :                         goto bailout;
     909             :                 }
     910      737882 :         } else if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
     911             :                 /* no bounds and NOT_NULL property on MSK bats */
     912         127 :                 assert(minbound == NULL && maxbound == NULL && !notnull);
     913         127 :                 if (append_msk_bat(b, &ni, &ci) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     914           0 :                         goto bailout;
     915             :                 }
     916             :         } else {
     917      737755 :                 if (ci.ncand > BATcapacity(b) - BATcount(b)) {
     918             :                         /* if needed space exceeds a normal growth
     919             :                          * extend just with what's needed */
     920       10221 :                         BUN ncap = BATcount(b) + ci.ncand;
     921       10221 :                         BUN grows = BATgrows(b);
     922             : 
     923       10228 :                         if (ncap > grows)
     924             :                                 grows = ncap;
     925       10228 :                         if (BATextend(b, grows) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     926           0 :                                 goto bailout;
     927             :                         }
     928             :                 }
     929      737771 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     930      737776 :                 hlocked = true;
     931      737776 :                 if (b->ttype != TYPE_void &&
     932      737737 :                     ni.type != TYPE_void &&
     933      735293 :                     ci.tpe == cand_dense) {
     934             :                         /* use fast memcpy if we can */
     935      735134 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)),
     936      735134 :                                (const char *) ni.base + ((ci.seq - hseq) << ni.shift),
     937      735134 :                                ci.ncand << ni.shift);
     938      735401 :                         for (BUN i = 0; b->thash && i < ci.ncand; i++) {
     939         192 :                                 HASHappend_locked(b, r, Tloc(b, r));
     940         267 :                                 r++;
     941             :                         }
     942             :                 } else {
     943        2642 :                         const void *atomnil = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
     944     1759029 :                         TIMEOUT_LOOP(ci.ncand, qry_ctx) {
     945     1753725 :                                 BUN p = canditer_next(&ci) - hseq;
     946     1753725 :                                 const void *t = BUNtail(ni, p);
     947     1753713 :                                 bool isnil = atomcmp(t, atomnil) == 0;
     948     1753716 :                                 if (notnull && isnil) {
     949           0 :                                         assert(0);
     950             :                                         GDKerror("NULL value not within bounds\n");
     951             :                                         goto bailout;
     952     1753716 :                                 } else if (minbound &&
     953     1753716 :                                            !isnil &&
     954           0 :                                            atomcmp(t, minbound) < 0) {
     955           0 :                                         assert(0);
     956             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     957             :                                         goto bailout;
     958     1753716 :                                 } else if (maxbound &&
     959           0 :                                            !isnil &&
     960           0 :                                            atomcmp(t, maxbound) >= 0) {
     961           0 :                                         assert(0);
     962             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     963             :                                         goto bailout;
     964     1753716 :                                 } else if (tfastins_nocheck(b, r, t) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     965           0 :                                         goto bailout;
     966             :                                 }
     967     1753724 :                                 if (b->thash)
     968           0 :                                         HASHappend_locked(b, r, t);
     969     1753724 :                                 r++;
     970             :                         }
     971        2641 :                         TIMEOUT_CHECK(qry_ctx, GOTO_LABEL_TIMEOUT_HANDLER(bailout, qry_ctx));
     972             :                 }
     973      737850 :                 BUN nunique;
     974      737850 :                 nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     975      737850 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     976      737600 :                 BATsetcount(b, b->batCount + ci.ncand);
     977      737653 :                 if (nunique != 0)
     978          44 :                         b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     979      737653 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     980      737785 :                 assert(hlocked);
     981      737785 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     982      737785 :                 hlocked = false;
     983             :         }
     984             : 
     985      845984 :   doreturn:
     986      845984 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     987      846137 :         if (minbound)
     988          48 :                 VALclear(&minprop);
     989      846132 :         if (maxbound)
     990          40 :                 VALclear(&maxprop);
     991      846132 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=%s,n=" ALGOBATFMT ",s=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
     992             :                   " -> " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
     993             :                   buf, ALGOBATPAR(n), ALGOOPTBATPAR(s), ALGOBATPAR(b),
     994             :                   GDKusec() - t0);
     995             : 
     996             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     997             :   bailout:
     998           0 :         if (hlocked)
     999           0 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1000           0 :         if (minbound)
    1001           0 :                 VALclear(&minprop);
    1002           0 :         if (maxbound)
    1003           0 :                 VALclear(&maxprop);
    1004           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1005           0 :         return GDK_FAIL;
    1006             : }
    1007             : 
    1008             : gdk_return
    1009     1325393 : BATappend(BAT *b, BAT *n, BAT *s, bool force)
    1010             : {
    1011     1325393 :         return BATappend2(b, n, s, force, true);
    1012             : }
    1013             : 
    1014             : gdk_return
    1015           4 : BATdel(BAT *b, BAT *d)
    1016             : {
    1017           4 :         void (*atmdel) (Heap *, var_t *) = BATatoms[b->ttype].atomDel;
    1018           4 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1019           4 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1020           4 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1021             : 
    1022           4 :         assert(ATOMtype(d->ttype) == TYPE_oid);
    1023           4 :         assert(d->tsorted);
    1024           4 :         assert(d->tkey);
    1025           4 :         if (BATcount(d) == 0)
    1026             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1027           4 :         IMPSdestroy(b);
    1028           4 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
    1029           4 :         HASHdestroy(b);
    1030           4 :         PROPdestroy(b);
    1031           4 :         STRMPdestroy(b);
    1032           4 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
    1033           4 :         if (BATtdense(d)) {
    1034           2 :                 oid o = d->tseqbase;
    1035           2 :                 BUN c = BATcount(d);
    1036             : 
    1037           2 :                 if (o + c <= b->hseqbase)
    1038             :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1039           2 :                 if (o < b->hseqbase) {
    1040           0 :                         c -= b->hseqbase - o;
    1041           0 :                         o = b->hseqbase;
    1042             :                 }
    1043           2 :                 if (o - b->hseqbase < b->batInserted) {
    1044           0 :                         GDKerror("cannot delete committed values\n");
    1045           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1046             :                 }
    1047           2 :                 if (o + c > b->hseqbase + BATcount(b))
    1048           0 :                         c = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) - o;
    1049           2 :                 if (c == 0)
    1050             :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1051           2 :                 if (atmdel) {
    1052           0 :                         BUN p = o - b->hseqbase;
    1053           0 :                         BUN q = p + c;
    1054           0 :                         while (p < q) {
    1055           0 :                                 (*atmdel)(b->tvheap, (var_t *) BUNtloc(bi, p));
    1056           0 :                                 p++;
    1057             :                         }
    1058             :                 }
    1059           2 :                 if (BATtdense(b) && BATmaterialize(b, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    1060             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1061           2 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1062           2 :                 if (o + c < b->hseqbase + BATcount(b)) {
    1063           0 :                         o -= b->hseqbase;
    1064           0 :                         if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1065           0 :                                 BUN n = BATcount(b) - (o + c);
    1066             :                                 /* not very efficient, but first see
    1067             :                                  * how much this is used */
    1068           0 :                                 for (BUN i = 0; i < n; i++)
    1069           0 :                                         mskSetVal(b, o + i,
    1070           0 :                                                   mskGetVal(b, o + c + i));
    1071             :                         } else {
    1072           0 :                                 memmove(Tloc(b, o),
    1073           0 :                                         Tloc(b, o + c),
    1074           0 :                                         b->twidth * (BATcount(b) - (o + c)));
    1075             :                         }
    1076           0 :                         b->theap->dirty = true;
    1077             :                         // o += b->hseqbase; // if this were to be used again
    1078             :                 }
    1079           2 :                 b->batCount -= c;
    1080             :         } else {
    1081           2 :                 BATiter di = bat_iterator(d);
    1082           2 :                 const oid *o = (const oid *) di.base;
    1083           2 :                 const oid *s;
    1084           2 :                 BUN c = di.count;
    1085           2 :                 BUN nd = 0;
    1086           2 :                 BUN pos;
    1087           2 :                 char *p = NULL;
    1088             : 
    1089           2 :                 if (o[c - 1] <= b->hseqbase) {
    1090           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1091           0 :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1092             :                 }
    1093           2 :                 while (*o < b->hseqbase) {
    1094           0 :                         o++;
    1095           0 :                         c--;
    1096             :                 }
    1097           2 :                 if (*o - b->hseqbase < b->batInserted) {
    1098           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1099           0 :                         GDKerror("cannot delete committed values\n");
    1100           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1101             :                 }
    1102           2 :                 if (BATtdense(b) && BATmaterialize(b, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1103           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1104           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1105             :                 }
    1106           2 :                 s = o;
    1107           2 :                 pos = *o - b->hseqbase;
    1108           2 :                 if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) != TYPE_msk)
    1109           2 :                         p = Tloc(b, pos);
    1110           6 :                 while (c > 0 && *o < b->hseqbase + BATcount(b)) {
    1111           4 :                         size_t n;
    1112           4 :                         if (atmdel)
    1113           0 :                                 (*atmdel)(b->tvheap, (var_t *) BUNtloc(bi, *o - b->hseqbase));
    1114           4 :                         o++;
    1115           4 :                         c--;
    1116           4 :                         nd++;
    1117           4 :                         if (c == 0 || *o - b->hseqbase >= BATcount(b))
    1118           2 :                                 n = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) - o[-1] - 1;
    1119           2 :                         else if ((oid) (o - s) < *o - *s)
    1120           2 :                                 n = o[0] - o[-1] - 1;
    1121             :                         else
    1122             :                                 n = 0;
    1123           4 :                         if (n > 0) {
    1124           2 :                                 if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1125           0 :                                         BUN opos = o[-1] + 1 - b->hseqbase;
    1126             :                                         /* not very efficient, but
    1127             :                                          * first see how much this is
    1128             :                                          * used */
    1129           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    1130           0 :                                                 mskSetVal(b, pos + i,
    1131           0 :                                                           mskGetVal(b, opos + i));
    1132             :                                         }
    1133           0 :                                         pos += n;
    1134             :                                 } else {
    1135           2 :                                         n *= b->twidth;
    1136           2 :                                         memmove(p,
    1137           2 :                                                 Tloc(b, o[-1] + 1 - b->hseqbase),
    1138             :                                                 n);
    1139           2 :                                         p += n;
    1140             :                                 }
    1141             :                                 s = o;
    1142             :                         }
    1143             :                 }
    1144           2 :                 bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1145           2 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1146           2 :                 b->theap->dirty = true;
    1147           2 :                 b->batCount -= nd;
    1148             :         }
    1149           4 :         if (b->batCount <= 1) {
    1150             :                 /* some trivial properties */
    1151           2 :                 b->tkey = true;
    1152           2 :                 b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = true;
    1153           2 :                 if (b->batCount == 0) {
    1154           2 :                         b->tnil = false;
    1155           2 :                         b->tnonil = true;
    1156             :                 }
    1157             :         }
    1158             :         /* not sure about these anymore */
    1159           4 :         b->tnosorted = b->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1160           4 :         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1161           4 :         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    1162           4 :         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1163           4 :         b->tunique_est = 0.0;
    1164           4 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1165             : 
    1166           4 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1167             : }
    1168             : 
    1169             : /*
    1170             :  * Replace all values in b with values from n whose location is given by
    1171             :  * the oid in either p or positions.
    1172             :  * If positions is used, autoincr specifies whether it is the first of a
    1173             :  * dense range of positions or whether it is a full-blown array of
    1174             :  * position.
    1175             :  * If mayappend is set, the position in p/positions may refer to
    1176             :  * locations beyond the end of b.
    1177             :  */
    1178             : static gdk_return
    1179       81938 : BATappend_or_update(BAT *b, BAT *p, const oid *positions, BAT *n,
    1180             :                     bool mayappend, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1181             : {
    1182       81938 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    1183       81934 :         oid pos = oid_nil;
    1184       81934 :         BUN nunique = 0;
    1185             : 
    1186       81934 :         if (b == NULL || b->ttype == TYPE_void || n == NULL) {
    1187             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1188             :         }
    1189             :         /* either p or positions */
    1190       81934 :         assert((p == NULL) != (positions == NULL));
    1191       81934 :         if (p != NULL) {
    1192       81758 :                 if (BATcount(p) != BATcount(n)) {
    1193           0 :                         GDKerror("update BATs not the same size\n");
    1194           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1195             :                 }
    1196       81758 :                 if (ATOMtype(p->ttype) != TYPE_oid) {
    1197           0 :                         GDKerror("positions BAT not type OID\n");
    1198           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1199             :                 }
    1200       81758 :                 if (BATtdense(p)) {
    1201       72959 :                         pos = p->tseqbase;
    1202       72959 :                         positions = &pos;
    1203       72959 :                         autoincr = true;
    1204       72959 :                         p = NULL;
    1205        8799 :                 } else if (p->ttype != TYPE_void) {
    1206        8797 :                         positions = (const oid *) Tloc(p, 0);
    1207        8797 :                         autoincr = false;
    1208             :                 } else {
    1209             :                         autoincr = false;
    1210             :                 }
    1211         176 :         } else if (autoincr) {
    1212         176 :                 pos = *positions;
    1213             :         }
    1214       81934 :         if (BATcount(n) == 0) {
    1215             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1216             :         }
    1217             : 
    1218       25247 :         BATiter ni = bat_iterator(n);
    1219             : 
    1220       25247 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
    1221       25247 :         IMPSdestroy(b);
    1222       25245 :         STRMPdestroy(b);
    1223       25247 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
    1224             :         /* load hash so that we can maintain it */
    1225       25247 :         (void) BATcheckhash(b);
    1226             : 
    1227       25247 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1228       25246 :         if (!force && (b->batRestricted != BAT_WRITE ||
    1229          15 :                        (ATOMIC_GET(&b->theap->refs) & HEAPREFS) > 1)) {
    1230           0 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1231           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1232           0 :                 GDKerror("access denied to %s, aborting.\n", BATgetId(b));
    1233           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1234             :         }
    1235       25246 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1236       25246 :         if (ni.count > BATcount(b) / gdk_unique_estimate_keep_fraction) {
    1237       24717 :                 b->tunique_est = 0;
    1238             :         }
    1239             : 
    1240       25246 :         b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = false;
    1241       25246 :         b->tnosorted = b->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1242       25246 :         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
    1243       25246 :         b->tkey = false;
    1244       25246 :         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1245             : 
    1246       25246 :         int (*atomcmp)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    1247       25246 :         const void *nil = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
    1248       25246 :         oid hseqend = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b);
    1249             : 
    1250       25246 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1251             : 
    1252       30167 :         bool anynil = false;
    1253       30167 :         bool locked = false;
    1254             : 
    1255       30167 :         if (b->tvheap) {
    1256     1234338 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1257     1231689 :                         oid updid;
    1258     1231689 :                         if (positions) {
    1259     1230676 :                                 updid = autoincr ? pos++ : *positions++;
    1260             :                         } else {
    1261        1013 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1262             :                         }
    1263             : 
    1264     1231689 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1265     1231689 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1266           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1267           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1268             :                         }
    1269     1231689 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1270     1231689 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1271           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1272           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1273             :                         }
    1274             : 
    1275     1231689 :                         const void *new = BUNtvar(ni, i);
    1276             : 
    1277     1225088 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1278       23504 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1279       23504 :                                 if (locked) {
    1280           4 :                                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1281           4 :                                         locked = false;
    1282             :                                 }
    1283       23504 :                                 if (b->tminpos != bi.minpos ||
    1284       23503 :                                     b->tmaxpos != bi.maxpos) {
    1285           1 :                                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1286           1 :                                         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1287           1 :                                         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1288           1 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1289             :                                 }
    1290       23504 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1291           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1292           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1293           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1294             :                                 }
    1295       23504 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, new, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1296           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1297           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1298             :                                 }
    1299       23504 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1300      155404 :                                 continue;
    1301             :                         }
    1302             : 
    1303             :                         /* it is possible that a previous run was killed
    1304             :                          * after an update (with a mmapped tail file)
    1305             :                          * but before that was committed, then the
    1306             :                          * offset may point outside of the vheap */
    1307     1201584 :                         const void *old = BUNtvaroff(bi, updid) < bi.vhfree ? BUNtvar(bi, updid) : NULL;
    1308             : 
    1309     1201419 :                         if (old && atomcmp(old, new) == 0) {
    1310             :                                 /* replacing with the same value:
    1311             :                                  * nothing to do */
    1312      131900 :                                 continue;
    1313             :                         }
    1314             : 
    1315     1069136 :                         bool isnil = atomcmp(new, nil) == 0;
    1316     1070834 :                         anynil |= isnil;
    1317     1070834 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1318     1071263 :                         if (old == NULL ||
    1319     1071263 :                             (b->tnil &&
    1320         711 :                              !anynil &&
    1321         712 :                              atomcmp(old, nil) == 0)) {
    1322             :                                 /* if old value is nil and no new
    1323             :                                  * value is, we're not sure anymore
    1324             :                                  * about the nil property, so we must
    1325             :                                  * clear it */
    1326         709 :                                 b->tnil = false;
    1327             :                         }
    1328     1071262 :                         b->tnonil &= !isnil;
    1329     1071262 :                         b->tnil |= isnil;
    1330     1071262 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1331     1071553 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1332        3412 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1333        1706 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.maxpos), new) < 0) {
    1334             :                                         /* new value is larger than
    1335             :                                          * previous largest */
    1336          23 :                                         bi.maxpos = updid;
    1337        3366 :                                 } else if (old == NULL ||
    1338        1696 :                                            (atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.maxpos), old) == 0 &&
    1339          13 :                                             atomcmp(new, old) != 0)) {
    1340             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1341             :                                          * largest and new value is
    1342             :                                          * smaller, so we don't know
    1343             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1344             :                                          * largest */
    1345          13 :                                         bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1346             :                                 }
    1347             :                         }
    1348     1071553 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1349        3396 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1350        1698 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.minpos), new) > 0) {
    1351             :                                         /* new value is smaller than
    1352             :                                          * previous smallest */
    1353          14 :                                         bi.minpos = updid;
    1354        3368 :                                 } else if (old == NULL ||
    1355        1706 :                                            (atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.minpos), old) == 0 &&
    1356          22 :                                             atomcmp(new, old) != 0)) {
    1357             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1358             :                                          * smallest and new value is
    1359             :                                          * larger, so we don't know
    1360             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1361             :                                          * smallest */
    1362          22 :                                         bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1363             :                                 }
    1364             :                         }
    1365     1071553 :                         if (!locked) {
    1366        2202 :                                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1367        2202 :                                 locked = true;
    1368             :                         }
    1369     1071553 :                         if (old)
    1370     1071553 :                                 HASHdelete_locked(&bi, updid, old);
    1371           0 :                         else if (b->thash) {
    1372           0 :                                 doHASHdestroy(b, b->thash);
    1373           0 :                                 b->thash = NULL;
    1374             :                         }
    1375             : 
    1376     1071533 :                         var_t d;
    1377     1071533 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1378     1058166 :                         case 1:
    1379     1058166 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
    1380     1058166 :                                 break;
    1381       10380 :                         case 2:
    1382       10380 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
    1383       10380 :                                 break;
    1384        2952 :                         case 4:
    1385        2952 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[updid];
    1386        2952 :                                 break;
    1387             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    1388          35 :                         case 8:
    1389          35 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[updid];
    1390          35 :                                 break;
    1391             : #endif
    1392             :                         default:
    1393           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
    1394             :                         }
    1395     1071533 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1396     1071338 :                         gdk_return rc = ATOMreplaceVAR(b, &d, new);
    1397     1071308 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1398     1071289 :                         if (rc != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1399           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1400             :                         }
    1401     1071289 :                         if (b->twidth < SIZEOF_VAR_T &&
    1402     1071185 :                             (b->twidth <= 2 ? d - GDK_VAROFFSET : d) >= ((size_t) 1 << (8 << b->tshift))) {
    1403             :                                 /* doesn't fit in current heap, upgrade it */
    1404          20 :                                 if (GDKupgradevarheap(b, d, 0, MAX(updid, b->batCount)) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1405           0 :                                         goto bailout;
    1406             :                                 }
    1407             :                         }
    1408             :                         /* in case ATOMreplaceVAR and/or
    1409             :                          * GDKupgradevarheap replaces a heap, we need to
    1410             :                          * reinitialize the iterator */
    1411             :                         {
    1412             :                                 /* save and restore minpos/maxpos */
    1413     1071289 :                                 BUN minpos = bi.minpos;
    1414     1071289 :                                 BUN maxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1415     1071289 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1416     1071289 :                                 bi.minpos = minpos;
    1417     1071289 :                                 bi.maxpos = maxpos;
    1418             :                         }
    1419     1071289 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1420     1057904 :                         case 1:
    1421     1057904 :                                 ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint8_t) (d - GDK_VAROFFSET);
    1422     1057904 :                                 break;
    1423       10396 :                         case 2:
    1424       10396 :                                 ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint16_t) (d - GDK_VAROFFSET);
    1425       10396 :                                 break;
    1426        2954 :                         case 4:
    1427        2954 :                                 ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint32_t) d;
    1428        2954 :                                 break;
    1429             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    1430          35 :                         case 8:
    1431          35 :                                 ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint64_t) d;
    1432          35 :                                 break;
    1433             : #endif
    1434             :                         default:
    1435           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
    1436             :                         }
    1437     1071289 :                         HASHinsert_locked(&bi, updid, new);
    1438             : 
    1439             :                 }
    1440        2649 :                 if (locked) {
    1441        2198 :                         if (b->thash)
    1442           2 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1443        2198 :                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1444        2198 :                         locked = false;
    1445             :                 }
    1446        2649 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1447        2649 :                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
    1448        2649 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1449       22597 :         } else if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1450           0 :                 assert(b->thash == NULL);
    1451           0 :                 HASHdestroy(b); /* hash doesn't make sense for msk */
    1452           0 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1453           0 :                         oid updid;
    1454           0 :                         if (positions) {
    1455           0 :                                 updid = autoincr ? pos++ : *positions++;
    1456             :                         } else {
    1457           0 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1458             :                         }
    1459             : 
    1460           0 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1461           0 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1462           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1463           0 :                                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1464           0 :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1465             :                         }
    1466           0 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1467           0 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1468           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1469           0 :                                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1470           0 :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1471             :                         }
    1472           0 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1473           0 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1474           0 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1475           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1476           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1477           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1478             :                                 }
    1479           0 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, BUNtmsk(ni, i), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1480           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1481           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1482             :                                 }
    1483           0 :                                 continue;
    1484             :                         }
    1485           0 :                         mskSetVal(b, updid, Tmskval(&ni, i));
    1486             :                 }
    1487           0 :                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1488       22597 :         } else if (autoincr) {
    1489       14246 :                 if (pos < b->hseqbase ||
    1490       13510 :                     (!mayappend && pos + ni.count > hseqend)) {
    1491           0 :                         GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1492           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1493           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1494             :                 }
    1495       14246 :                 pos -= b->hseqbase;
    1496       14246 :                 if (!force && pos < b->batInserted) {
    1497           0 :                         GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1498           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1499           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1500             :                 }
    1501             : 
    1502       14246 :                 if (pos >= BATcount(b)) {
    1503         442 :                         assert(mayappend);
    1504         442 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1505         442 :                         if (BATcount(b) < pos &&
    1506           0 :                             BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (pos - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1507             :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1508             :                         }
    1509         442 :                         return BATappend(b, n, NULL, force);
    1510             :                 }
    1511       13810 :                 if (pos + ni.count > BATcount(b) &&
    1512           6 :                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (pos + ni.count - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1513           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1514           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1515             :                 }
    1516       13804 :                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1517             : 
    1518             :                 /* we copy all of n, so if there are nils in n we get
    1519             :                  * nils in b (and else we don't know) */
    1520       13804 :                 b->tnil = ni.nil;
    1521             :                 /* we may not copy over all of b, so we only know that
    1522             :                  * there are no nils in b afterward if there weren't
    1523             :                  * any in either b or n to begin with */
    1524       13804 :                 b->tnonil &= ni.nonil;
    1525             :                 /* if there is no hash, we don't start the loop, if
    1526             :                  * there is only a persisted hash, it will get destroyed
    1527             :                  * in the first iteration, after which there is no hash
    1528             :                  * and the loop ends */
    1529       13804 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1530       13801 :                 locked = true;
    1531       13805 :                 for (BUN i = pos, j = pos + ni.count; i < j && b->thash; i++)
    1532           3 :                         HASHdelete_locked(&bi, i, Tloc(b, i));
    1533       13802 :                 if (ni.type == TYPE_void) {
    1534           0 :                         assert(b->ttype == TYPE_oid);
    1535           0 :                         oid *o = Tloc(b, pos);
    1536           0 :                         if (is_oid_nil(ni.tseq)) {
    1537             :                                 /* we may or may not overwrite the old
    1538             :                                  * min/max values */
    1539           0 :                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1540           0 :                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1541           0 :                                 for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1542           0 :                                         o[i] = oid_nil;
    1543           0 :                                 b->tnil = true;
    1544             :                         } else {
    1545           0 :                                 oid v = ni.tseq;
    1546             :                                 /* we know min/max of n, so we know
    1547             :                                  * the new min/max of b if those of n
    1548             :                                  * are smaller/larger than the old */
    1549           0 :                                 if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1550           0 :                                         if (v <= BUNtoid(b, bi.minpos))
    1551           0 :                                                 bi.minpos = pos;
    1552           0 :                                         else if (pos <= bi.minpos && bi.minpos < pos + ni.count)
    1553           0 :                                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1554             :                                 }
    1555           0 :                                 if (complex_cand(n)) {
    1556           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1557           0 :                                                 o[i] = *(oid *)Tpos(&ni, i);
    1558             :                                         /* last value */
    1559           0 :                                         v = o[ni.count - 1];
    1560             :                                 } else {
    1561           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1562           0 :                                                 o[i] = v++;
    1563             :                                         /* last value added (not one beyond) */
    1564           0 :                                         v--;
    1565             :                                 }
    1566           0 :                                 if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1567           0 :                                         if (v >= BUNtoid(b, bi.maxpos))
    1568           0 :                                                 bi.maxpos = pos + ni.count - 1;
    1569           0 :                                         else if (pos <= bi.maxpos && bi.maxpos < pos + ni.count)
    1570           0 :                                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1571             :                                 }
    1572             :                         }
    1573             :                 } else {
    1574             :                         /* if the extremes of n are at least as
    1575             :                          * extreme as those of b, we can replace b's
    1576             :                          * min/max, else we don't know what b's new
    1577             :                          * min/max are*/
    1578       14051 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE && ni.minpos != BUN_NONE &&
    1579         249 :                             atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos)) >= 0) {
    1580         139 :                                 bi.minpos = pos + ni.minpos;
    1581             :                         } else {
    1582       13663 :                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1583             :                         }
    1584       14057 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE && ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE &&
    1585         255 :                             atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos)) <= 0) {
    1586         174 :                                 bi.maxpos = pos + ni.maxpos;
    1587             :                         } else {
    1588       13628 :                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1589             :                         }
    1590       13802 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, pos), ni.base,
    1591       13802 :                                ni.count << b->tshift);
    1592             :                 }
    1593             :                 /* either we have a hash that was updated above, or we
    1594             :                  * have no hash; we cannot have the case where there is
    1595             :                  * only a persisted (unloaded) hash since it would have
    1596             :                  * been destroyed above */
    1597       13802 :                 if (b->thash != NULL) {
    1598           7 :                         for (BUN i = pos, j = pos + ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1599           3 :                                 HASHinsert_locked(&bi, i, Tloc(b, i));
    1600           4 :                         if (b->thash)
    1601           4 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1602             :                 }
    1603       13803 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1604       13803 :                 locked = false;
    1605       13803 :                 if (ni.count == BATcount(b)) {
    1606             :                         /* if we replaced all values of b by values
    1607             :                          * from n, we can also copy the min/max
    1608             :                          * properties */
    1609        6294 :                         bi.minpos = ni.minpos;
    1610        6294 :                         bi.maxpos = ni.maxpos;
    1611        6294 :                         if (BATtdensebi(&ni)) {
    1612             :                                 /* replaced all of b with a dense sequence */
    1613          47 :                                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1614          47 :                                 BATtseqbase(b, ni.tseq);
    1615          47 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1616             :                         }
    1617             :                 }
    1618             :         } else {
    1619   158587928 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1620   158579576 :                         oid updid;
    1621   158579576 :                         if (positions) {
    1622             :                                 /* assert(!autoincr) */
    1623   158579576 :                                 updid = *positions++;
    1624             :                         } else {
    1625           0 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1626             :                         }
    1627             : 
    1628   158579576 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1629   158579576 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1630           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1631           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1632             :                         }
    1633   158579576 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1634   158579576 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1635           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1636           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1637             :                         }
    1638             : 
    1639   158579576 :                         const void *new = BUNtloc(ni, i);
    1640             : 
    1641   158579576 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1642       16059 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1643       16059 :                                 if (locked) {
    1644          10 :                                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1645          10 :                                         locked = false;
    1646             :                                 }
    1647       16059 :                                 if (b->tminpos != bi.minpos ||
    1648       16057 :                                     b->tmaxpos != bi.maxpos) {
    1649           3 :                                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1650           3 :                                         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1651           3 :                                         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1652           3 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1653             :                                 }
    1654       16059 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1655           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1656           0 :                                         goto bailout;
    1657             :                                 }
    1658       16059 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, new, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1659           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1660           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1661             :                                 }
    1662       16059 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1663       16059 :                                 continue;
    1664             :                         }
    1665             : 
    1666   158563517 :                         const void *old = BUNtloc(bi, updid);
    1667   158563517 :                         bool isnil = atomcmp(new, nil) == 0;
    1668   158670956 :                         anynil |= isnil;
    1669   158670956 :                         if (b->tnil &&
    1670        1915 :                             !anynil &&
    1671        1915 :                             atomcmp(old, nil) == 0) {
    1672             :                                 /* if old value is nil and no new
    1673             :                                  * value is, we're not sure anymore
    1674             :                                  * about the nil property, so we must
    1675             :                                  * clear it */
    1676        1911 :                                 b->tnil = false;
    1677             :                         }
    1678   158670956 :                         b->tnonil &= !isnil;
    1679   158670956 :                         b->tnil |= isnil;
    1680   158670956 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1681        8864 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1682        4430 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), new) < 0) {
    1683             :                                         /* new value is larger than
    1684             :                                          * previous largest */
    1685          69 :                                         bi.maxpos = updid;
    1686        4372 :                                 } else if (atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), old) == 0 &&
    1687           7 :                                            atomcmp(new, old) != 0) {
    1688             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1689             :                                          * largest and new value is
    1690             :                                          * smaller, so we don't know
    1691             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1692             :                                          * largest */
    1693           7 :                                         bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1694             :                                 }
    1695             :                         }
    1696   158670956 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1697        8864 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1698        4430 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), new) > 0) {
    1699             :                                         /* new value is smaller than
    1700             :                                          * previous smallest */
    1701           6 :                                         bi.minpos = updid;
    1702        4434 :                                 } else if (atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), old) == 0 &&
    1703           6 :                                            atomcmp(new, old) != 0) {
    1704             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1705             :                                          * smallest and new value is
    1706             :                                          * larger, so we don't know
    1707             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1708             :                                          * smallest */
    1709           6 :                                         bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1710             :                                 }
    1711             :                         }
    1712             : 
    1713   158670956 :                         if (!locked) {
    1714        8352 :                                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1715        8352 :                                 locked = true;
    1716             :                         }
    1717   158670956 :                         HASHdelete_locked(&bi, updid, old);
    1718   158998019 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1719    30758582 :                         case 1:
    1720    30758582 :                                 ((bte *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (bte *) new;
    1721    30758582 :                                 break;
    1722      527206 :                         case 2:
    1723      527206 :                                 ((sht *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (sht *) new;
    1724      527206 :                                 break;
    1725    22561461 :                         case 4:
    1726    22561461 :                                 ((int *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (int *) new;
    1727    22561461 :                                 break;
    1728    99661535 :                         case 8:
    1729    99661535 :                                 ((lng *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (lng *) new;
    1730    99661535 :                                 break;
    1731     5489235 :                         case 16:
    1732             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    1733     5489235 :                                 ((hge *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (hge *) new;
    1734             : #else
    1735             :                                 ((uuid *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (uuid *) new;
    1736             : #endif
    1737     5489235 :                                 break;
    1738           0 :                         default:
    1739           0 :                                 memcpy(BUNtloc(bi, updid), new, ATOMsize(b->ttype));
    1740           0 :                                 break;
    1741             :                         }
    1742   158998019 :                         HASHinsert_locked(&bi, updid, new);
    1743             :                 }
    1744        8352 :                 if (locked) {
    1745        8342 :                         if (b->thash)
    1746           0 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1747        8342 :                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1748        8342 :                         locked = false;
    1749             :                 }
    1750             :         }
    1751       24804 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1752       24805 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1753       24805 :         if (nunique != 0)
    1754           6 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
    1755       24805 :         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1756       24805 :         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1757       24805 :         b->theap->dirty = true;
    1758       24805 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1759       24804 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO,
    1760             :                   "BATreplace(" ALGOBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOBATFMT ") " LLFMT " usec\n",
    1761             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(p), ALGOBATPAR(n),
    1762             :                   GDKusec() - t0);
    1763             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1764             : 
    1765           0 :   bailout:
    1766           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1767           0 :         if (locked) {
    1768           0 :                 Hash *h = b->thash;
    1769           0 :                 b->thash = NULL;
    1770           0 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1771           0 :                 doHASHdestroy(b, h);
    1772             :         }
    1773             :         return GDK_FAIL;
    1774             : }
    1775             : 
    1776             : /* replace values from b at locations specified in p with values in n */
    1777             : gdk_return
    1778       80952 : BATreplace(BAT *b, BAT *p, BAT *n, bool force)
    1779             : {
    1780       80952 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, p, NULL, n, false, false, force);
    1781             : }
    1782             : 
    1783             : /* like BATreplace, but p may specify locations beyond the end of b */
    1784             : gdk_return
    1785         809 : BATupdate(BAT *b, BAT *p, BAT *n, bool force)
    1786             : {
    1787         809 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, p, NULL, n, true, false, force);
    1788             : }
    1789             : 
    1790             : #if 0                           /* not used */
    1791             : /* like BATreplace, but the positions are given by an array of oid values */
    1792             : gdk_return
    1793             : BATreplacepos(BAT *b, const oid *positions, BAT *n, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1794             : {
    1795             :         return BATappend_or_update(b, NULL, positions, n, false, autoincr, force);
    1796             : }
    1797             : #endif
    1798             : 
    1799             : /* like BATreplace, but the positions are given by an array of oid
    1800             :  * values, and they may specify locations beyond the end of b */
    1801             : gdk_return
    1802         176 : BATupdatepos(BAT *b, const oid *positions, BAT *n, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1803             : {
    1804         176 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, NULL, positions, n, true, autoincr, force);
    1805             : }
    1806             : 
    1807             : /*
    1808             :  *  BAT Selections
    1809             :  * The BAT selectors are among the most heavily used operators.
    1810             :  * Their efficient implementation is therefore mandatory.
    1811             :  *
    1812             :  * BAT slice
    1813             :  * This function returns a horizontal slice from a BAT. It optimizes
    1814             :  * execution by avoiding to copy when the BAT is memory mapped (in
    1815             :  * this case, an independent submap is created) or else when it is
    1816             :  * read-only, then a VIEW bat is created as a result.
    1817             :  *
    1818             :  * If a new copy has to be created, this function takes care to
    1819             :  * preserve void-columns (in this case, the seqbase has to be
    1820             :  * recomputed in the result).
    1821             :  *
    1822             :  * The selected range is excluding the high value.
    1823             :  */
    1824             : BAT *
    1825     9915847 : BATslice(BAT *b, BUN l, BUN h)
    1826             : {
    1827     9915847 :         BUN low = l;
    1828     9915847 :         BAT *bn = NULL;
    1829             : 
    1830     9915847 :         BATcheck(b, NULL);
    1831     9915847 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator(b);
    1832     9915993 :         if (l > bi.count)
    1833             :                 l = bi.count;
    1834     9915993 :         if (h > bi.count)
    1835             :                 h = bi.count;
    1836     9915993 :         if (h < l)
    1837             :                 h = l;
    1838             : 
    1839     9915993 :         if (complex_cand(b)) {
    1840             :                 /* slicing a candidate list with exceptions */
    1841          78 :                 struct canditer ci;
    1842          78 :                 canditer_init(&ci, NULL, b);
    1843          78 :                 if (b->hseqbase + l >= ci.hseq) {
    1844          78 :                         l = b->hseqbase + l - ci.hseq;
    1845          78 :                         h = b->hseqbase + h - ci.hseq;
    1846             :                 } else {
    1847           0 :                         l = 0;
    1848           0 :                         if (b->hseqbase + h >= ci.hseq)
    1849           0 :                                 h = b->hseqbase + h - ci.hseq;
    1850             :                         else
    1851             :                                 h = 0;
    1852             :                 }
    1853          78 :                 bn = canditer_slice(&ci, l, h);
    1854          78 :                 goto doreturn;
    1855             :         }
    1856             :         /* If the source BAT is readonly, then we can obtain a VIEW
    1857             :          * that just reuses the memory of the source. */
    1858     9915915 :         if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1859             :                 /* forget about slices for bit masks: we can't deal
    1860             :                  * with difference in alignment, so we'll just make a
    1861             :                  * copy */
    1862           0 :                 bn = COLnew((oid) (b->hseqbase + low), b->ttype, h - l, TRANSIENT);
    1863             :                 /* we use BATappend with a candidate list to easily
    1864             :                  * copy the part of b that we need */
    1865           0 :                 BAT *s = BATdense(0, (oid) (b->hseqbase + low), h - l);
    1866           0 :                 if (bn == NULL ||
    1867           0 :                     s == NULL ||
    1868           0 :                     BATappend(bn, b, s, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1869           0 :                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    1870           0 :                         BBPreclaim(s);
    1871           0 :                         bn = NULL;
    1872           0 :                         goto doreturn;
    1873             :                 }
    1874           0 :                 BBPunfix(s->batCacheid);
    1875           0 :                 goto doreturn;
    1876             :         }
    1877     9915915 :         restrict_t prestricted;
    1878    11007059 :         if (bi.restricted == BAT_READ && VIEWtparent(b)) {
    1879     1090978 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(VIEWtparent(b));
    1880     1090978 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    1881     1090834 :                 prestricted = pb->batRestricted;
    1882     1090834 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    1883             :         } else {
    1884             :                 prestricted = BAT_WRITE; /* just initialize with anything */
    1885             :         }
    1886     9916081 :         if (bi.restricted == BAT_READ &&
    1887     9875120 :             (!VIEWtparent(b) || prestricted == BAT_READ)) {
    1888     9875119 :                 bn = VIEWcreate(b->hseqbase + low, b, l, h);
    1889     9875119 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    1890             :                         goto doreturn;
    1891             :         } else {
    1892             :                 /* create a new BAT and put everything into it */
    1893       40962 :                 BUN p = l;
    1894       40962 :                 BUN q = h;
    1895             : 
    1896       40962 :                 bn = COLnew((oid) (b->hseqbase + low), BATtdensebi(&bi) || (b->ttype == TYPE_oid && h == l) ? TYPE_void : b->ttype, h - l, TRANSIENT);
    1897       40962 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    1898           0 :                         goto doreturn;
    1899             : 
    1900       40962 :                 if (bn->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    1901       24099 :                         BATsetcount(bn, h - l);
    1902       24098 :                         BATtseqbase(bn, is_oid_nil(bi.tseq) ? oid_nil : h == l ? 0 : (oid) (bi.tseq + low));
    1903       16863 :                 } else if (bn->tvheap == NULL) {
    1904       10470 :                         assert(BATatoms[bn->ttype].atomPut == NULL);
    1905       10470 :                         memcpy(Tloc(bn, 0), (const char *) bi.base + (p << bi.shift),
    1906       10470 :                                (q - p) << bn->tshift);
    1907       10470 :                         bn->theap->dirty = true;
    1908       10470 :                         BATsetcount(bn, h - l);
    1909             :                 } else {
    1910     1694236 :                         for (; p < q; p++) {
    1911     1687844 :                                 if (bunfastapp(bn, BUNtail(bi, p)) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1912           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    1913           0 :                                         bn = NULL;
    1914           0 :                                         goto doreturn;
    1915             :                                 }
    1916             :                         }
    1917             :                 }
    1918       40958 :                 bn->theap->dirty = true;
    1919       40958 :                 bn->tsorted = bi.sorted || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1920       40958 :                 bn->trevsorted = bi.revsorted || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1921       40958 :                 bn->tkey = bi.key || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1922       40958 :                 bn->tnonil = bi.nonil;
    1923       40958 :                 bn->tnil = false; /* we don't know */
    1924       40958 :                 if (bi.nosorted > l && bi.nosorted < h && !bn->tsorted)
    1925        1730 :                         bn->tnosorted = bi.nosorted - l;
    1926             :                 else
    1927       39228 :                         bn->tnosorted = 0;
    1928       40958 :                 if (bi.norevsorted > l && bi.norevsorted < h && !bn->trevsorted)
    1929        4005 :                         bn->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted - l;
    1930             :                 else
    1931       36953 :                         bn->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1932       40958 :                 if (bi.nokey[0] >= l && bi.nokey[0] < h &&
    1933       34087 :                     bi.nokey[1] >= l && bi.nokey[1] < h &&
    1934         407 :                     bi.nokey[0] != bi.nokey[1] &&
    1935             :                     !bn->tkey) {
    1936         407 :                         bn->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] - l;
    1937         407 :                         bn->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] - l;
    1938             :                 } else {
    1939       40551 :                         bn->tnokey[0] = bn->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1940             :                 }
    1941             :         }
    1942     9915612 :   doreturn:
    1943     9915612 :         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    1944     9916069 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",lo=" BUNFMT ",hi=" BUNFMT " -> "
    1945             :                   ALGOOPTBATFMT "\n",
    1946             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), l, h, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn));
    1947             :         return bn;
    1948             : }
    1949             : 
    1950             : #define BAT_ORDERED(TPE)                                                \
    1951             :         do {                                                            \
    1952             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    1953             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    1954             :                         if (vals[p - 1] > vals[p]) {                 \
    1955             :                                 b->tnosorted = p;                    \
    1956             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    1957             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    1958             :                         } else if (vals[p - 1] < vals[p]) {          \
    1959             :                                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) { \
    1960             :                                         b->tnorevsorted = p;         \
    1961             :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1962             :                                 }                                       \
    1963             :                         } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {       \
    1964             :                                 b->tnokey[0] = p - 1;                        \
    1965             :                                 b->tnokey[1] = p;                    \
    1966             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1967             :                         }                                               \
    1968             :                 }                                                       \
    1969             :         } while (0)
    1970             : 
    1971             : #define BAT_ORDERED_FP(TPE)                                             \
    1972             :         do {                                                            \
    1973             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    1974             :                 TPE prev = vals[0];                                     \
    1975             :                 bool prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(prev);                    \
    1976             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    1977             :                         TPE next = vals[p];                             \
    1978             :                         int cmp = prevnil ? -!(prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(next)) : (prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(next)) ? 1 : (prev > next) - (prev < next); \
    1979             :                         prev = next;                                    \
    1980             :                         if (cmp > 0) {                                       \
    1981             :                                 b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;              \
    1982             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    1983             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    1984             :                         } else if (cmp < 0) {                                \
    1985             :                                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) { \
    1986             :                                         b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p; \
    1987             :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1988             :                                 }                                       \
    1989             :                         } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {       \
    1990             :                                 b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;  \
    1991             :                                 b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;              \
    1992             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1993             :                         }                                               \
    1994             :                 }                                                       \
    1995             :         } while (0)
    1996             : 
    1997             : /* Return whether the BAT is ordered or not.  If we don't know, invest
    1998             :  * in a scan and record the results in the bat descriptor.  If during
    1999             :  * the scan we happen to find evidence that the BAT is not reverse
    2000             :  * sorted, we record the location.  */
    2001             : bool
    2002     2968169 : BATordered(BAT *b)
    2003             : {
    2004     2968169 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2005     2968130 :         bool sorted;
    2006             : 
    2007     2968130 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2008     2968157 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void || b->tsorted || BATcount(b) == 0) {
    2009      470566 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2010      470561 :                 return true;
    2011             :         }
    2012     2497591 :         if (b->tnosorted > 0 || !ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
    2013     2094283 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2014     2094277 :                 return false;
    2015             :         }
    2016             : 
    2017             :         /* There are a few reasons why we need a lock here.  It may be
    2018             :          * that multiple threads call this functions at the same time
    2019             :          * (happens a lot with mitosis/mergetable), but we only need to
    2020             :          * scan the bat in one thread: the others can reap the rewards
    2021             :          * when that one thread is done.  Also, we need the heap to
    2022             :          * remain accessible (could have used bat_iterator for that),
    2023             :          * and, and this is the killer argument, we may need to make
    2024             :          * changes to the bat descriptor. */
    2025      403308 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    2026      403308 :         if (!b->tsorted && b->tnosorted == 0) {
    2027      744949 :                 switch (ATOMbasetype(b->ttype)) {
    2028       58855 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2029   127798651 :                         BAT_ORDERED(bte);
    2030             :                         break;
    2031        7020 :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2032     1561563 :                         BAT_ORDERED(sht);
    2033             :                         break;
    2034      293070 :                 case TYPE_int:
    2035   119308469 :                         BAT_ORDERED(int);
    2036             :                         break;
    2037        7297 :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2038    63013825 :                         BAT_ORDERED(lng);
    2039             :                         break;
    2040             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2041         376 :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2042     8002682 :                         BAT_ORDERED(hge);
    2043             :                         break;
    2044             : #endif
    2045         963 :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2046     8007194 :                         BAT_ORDERED_FP(flt);
    2047             :                         break;
    2048         733 :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2049     8201239 :                         BAT_ORDERED_FP(dbl);
    2050             :                         break;
    2051             :                 case TYPE_str:
    2052    21191115 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2053    21177324 :                                 int c;
    2054    21177324 :                                 const char *p1 = BUNtvar(bi, p - 1);
    2055    21177431 :                                 const char *p2 = BUNtvar(bi, p);
    2056    21177324 :                                 if (p1 == p2)
    2057             :                                         c = 0;
    2058     2210571 :                                 else if (p1[0] == '\200') {
    2059        1719 :                                         if (p2[0] == '\200')
    2060             :                                                 c = 0;
    2061             :                                         else
    2062             :                                                 c = -1;
    2063     2208852 :                                 } else if (p2[0] == '\200')
    2064             :                                         c = 1;
    2065             :                                 else
    2066     2207757 :                                         c = strcmp(p1, p2);
    2067     2207757 :                                 if (c > 0) {
    2068       21015 :                                         b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;
    2069       21015 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2070       21015 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2071    21156309 :                                 } else if (c < 0) {
    2072     2189505 :                                         assert(!b->trevsorted);
    2073     2189505 :                                         if (b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2074        9922 :                                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;
    2075        9922 :                                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2076             :                                         }
    2077    18966804 :                                 } else if (b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2078        2994 :                                         assert(!b->tkey);
    2079        2994 :                                         b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;
    2080        2994 :                                         b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;
    2081    21156309 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2082             :                                 }
    2083             :                         }
    2084             :                         break;
    2085         188 :                 default: {
    2086         188 :                         int (*cmpf)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    2087        4483 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2088        4436 :                                 int c;
    2089        4436 :                                 if ((c = cmpf(BUNtail(bi, p - 1), BUNtail(bi, p))) > 0) {
    2090         141 :                                         b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;
    2091         141 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2092         141 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2093        4295 :                                 } else if (c < 0) {
    2094        4243 :                                         if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2095          90 :                                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;
    2096          90 :                                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2097             :                                         }
    2098          52 :                                 } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2099           9 :                                         b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;
    2100           9 :                                         b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;
    2101        4295 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2102             :                                 }
    2103             :                         }
    2104             :                         break;
    2105             :                 }
    2106             :                 }
    2107             :                 /* we only get here if we completed the scan; note that
    2108             :                  * if we didn't record evidence about *reverse*
    2109             :                  * sortedness, we know that the BAT is also reverse
    2110             :                  * sorted; similarly, if we didn't record evidence about
    2111             :                  * keyness, we know the BAT is key */
    2112      104823 :                 b->tsorted = bi.sorted = true;
    2113      104823 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed sorted for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2114      104827 :                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2115       41624 :                         b->trevsorted = bi.revsorted = true;
    2116       41624 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed revsorted for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2117             :                 }
    2118      104827 :                 if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2119       43862 :                         b->tkey = bi.key = true;
    2120       43862 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed key for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2121             :                 }
    2122             :         }
    2123      104827 :   doreturn:
    2124      403312 :         sorted = b->tsorted;
    2125      403312 :         bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    2126      403312 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2127      403311 :         if (pbid) {
    2128      224648 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(pbid);
    2129      224648 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    2130      224648 :                 if (bi.count == BATcount(pb) &&
    2131      195404 :                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    2132      195404 :                     bi.type == pb->ttype) {
    2133             :                         /* add to knowledge in parent bat */
    2134      195400 :                         pb->tsorted |= bi.sorted;
    2135      195400 :                         if (pb->tnosorted == 0)
    2136      195400 :                                 pb->tnosorted = bi.nosorted;
    2137      195400 :                         pb->trevsorted |= bi.revsorted;
    2138      195400 :                         if (pb->tnorevsorted == 0)
    2139       27156 :                                 pb->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted;
    2140      195400 :                         pb->tkey |= bi.key;
    2141      195400 :                         if (pb->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2142      172525 :                                 pb->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0];
    2143      172525 :                                 pb->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1];
    2144             :                         }
    2145             :                 }
    2146      224648 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    2147             :         }
    2148             :         return sorted;
    2149             : }
    2150             : 
    2151             : #define BAT_REVORDERED(TPE)                                             \
    2152             :         do {                                                            \
    2153             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    2154             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    2155             :                         if (vals[p - 1] < vals[p]) {                 \
    2156             :                                 b->tnorevsorted = p;                 \
    2157             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    2158             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    2159             :                         }                                               \
    2160             :                 }                                                       \
    2161             :         } while (0)
    2162             : 
    2163             : #define BAT_REVORDERED_FP(TPE)                                          \
    2164             :         do {                                                            \
    2165             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    2166             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    2167             :                         TPE prev = vals[p - 1], next = vals[p];         \
    2168             :                         int cmp = is_flt_nil(prev) ? -!is_flt_nil(next) : is_flt_nil(next) ? 1 : (prev > next) - (prev < next);   \
    2169             :                         if (cmp < 0) {                                       \
    2170             :                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;        \
    2171             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    2172             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    2173             :                         }                                               \
    2174             :                 }                                                       \
    2175             :         } while (0)
    2176             : 
    2177             : /* Return whether the BAT is reverse ordered or not.  If we don't
    2178             :  * know, invest in a scan and record the results in the bat
    2179             :  * descriptor.  */
    2180             : bool
    2181     2741280 : BATordered_rev(BAT *b)
    2182             : {
    2183     2741280 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2184     2741305 :         bool revsorted;
    2185             : 
    2186     2741305 :         if (b == NULL || !ATOMlinear(b->ttype))
    2187             :                 return false;
    2188     2741274 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2189     2741268 :         if (BATcount(b) <= 1 || b->trevsorted) {
    2190      204389 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2191      204389 :                 return true;
    2192             :         }
    2193     2536879 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2194       16766 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2195       16766 :                 return is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase);
    2196             :         }
    2197     2520113 :         if (BATtdense(b) || b->tnorevsorted > 0) {
    2198     2444512 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2199     2444498 :                 return false;
    2200             :         }
    2201       75601 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    2202       75601 :         if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2203      117262 :                 switch (ATOMbasetype(b->ttype)) {
    2204       32442 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2205    10290864 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(bte);
    2206             :                         break;
    2207        3388 :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2208     3134091 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(sht);
    2209             :                         break;
    2210       23367 :                 case TYPE_int:
    2211     1467805 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(int);
    2212             :                         break;
    2213        3919 :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2214     2840469 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(lng);
    2215             :                         break;
    2216             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2217         136 :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2218        1051 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(hge);
    2219             :                         break;
    2220             : #endif
    2221         512 :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2222        1994 :                         BAT_REVORDERED_FP(flt);
    2223             :                         break;
    2224         282 :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2225      500614 :                         BAT_REVORDERED_FP(dbl);
    2226             :                         break;
    2227       11555 :                 default: {
    2228       11555 :                         int (*cmpf)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    2229      501509 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2230      498302 :                                 if (cmpf(BUNtail(bi, p - 1), BUNtail(bi, p)) < 0) {
    2231        8349 :                                         b->tnorevsorted = p;
    2232        8349 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2233        8349 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2234             :                                 }
    2235             :                         }
    2236             :                         break;
    2237             :                 }
    2238             :                 }
    2239       18762 :                 b->trevsorted = bi.revsorted = true;
    2240       18762 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed revsorted for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2241             :         }
    2242       18762 :   doreturn:
    2243       75602 :         revsorted = b->trevsorted;
    2244       75602 :         bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    2245       75602 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2246       75604 :         if (pbid) {
    2247       17340 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(pbid);
    2248       17340 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    2249       17341 :                 if (bi.count == BATcount(pb) &&
    2250        4145 :                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    2251        4145 :                     bi.type == pb->ttype) {
    2252             :                         /* add to knowledge in parent bat */
    2253        4145 :                         pb->trevsorted |= bi.revsorted;
    2254        4145 :                         if (pb->tnorevsorted == 0)
    2255        4145 :                                 pb->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted;
    2256             :                 }
    2257       17341 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    2258             :         }
    2259             :         return revsorted;
    2260             : }
    2261             : 
    2262             : /* figure out which sort function is to be called
    2263             :  * stable sort can produce an error (not enough memory available),
    2264             :  * "quick" sort does not produce errors */
    2265             : static gdk_return
    2266     3945183 : do_sort(void *restrict h, void *restrict t, const void *restrict base,
    2267             :         size_t n, int hs, int ts, int tpe, bool reverse, bool nilslast,
    2268             :         bool stable)
    2269             : {
    2270     3945183 :         if (n <= 1)          /* trivially sorted */
    2271             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2272     2750706 :         if (stable) {
    2273         185 :                 if (reverse)
    2274           1 :                         return GDKssort_rev(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe);
    2275             :                 else
    2276         184 :                         return GDKssort(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe);
    2277             :         } else {
    2278     2750521 :                 GDKqsort(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe, reverse, nilslast);
    2279             :         }
    2280     2750521 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2281             : }
    2282             : 
    2283             : /* Sort the bat b according to both o and g.  The stable and reverse
    2284             :  * parameters indicate whether the sort should be stable or descending
    2285             :  * respectively.  The parameter b is required, o and g are optional
    2286             :  * (i.e., they may be NULL).
    2287             :  *
    2288             :  * A sorted copy is returned through the sorted parameter, the new
    2289             :  * ordering is returned through the order parameter, group information
    2290             :  * is returned through the groups parameter.  All three output
    2291             :  * parameters may be NULL.  If they're all NULL, this function does
    2292             :  * nothing.
    2293             :  *
    2294             :  * If o is specified, it is used to first rearrange b according to the
    2295             :  * order specified in o, after which b is sorted taking g into
    2296             :  * account.
    2297             :  *
    2298             :  * If g is specified, it indicates groups which should be individually
    2299             :  * ordered.  Each row of consecutive equal values in g indicates a
    2300             :  * group which is sorted according to stable and reverse.  g is used
    2301             :  * after the order in b was rearranged according to o.
    2302             :  *
    2303             :  * The outputs order and groups can be used in subsequent calls to
    2304             :  * this function.  This can be used if multiple BATs need to be sorted
    2305             :  * together.  The BATs should then be sorted in order of significance,
    2306             :  * and each following call should use the original unordered BAT plus
    2307             :  * the order and groups bat from the previous call.  In this case, the
    2308             :  * sorted BATs are not of much use, so the sorted output parameter
    2309             :  * does not need to be specified.
    2310             :  * Apart from error checking and maintaining reference counts, sorting
    2311             :  * three columns (col1, col2, col3) could look like this with the
    2312             :  * sorted results in (col1s, col2s, col3s):
    2313             :  *      BATsort(&col1s, &ord1, &grp1, col1, NULL, NULL, false, false, false);
    2314             :  *      BATsort(&col2s, &ord2, &grp2, col2, ord1, grp1, false, false, false);
    2315             :  *      BATsort(&col3s,  NULL,  NULL, col3, ord2, grp2, false, false, false);
    2316             :  * Note that the "reverse" parameter can be different for each call.
    2317             :  */
    2318             : gdk_return
    2319       29343 : BATsort(BAT **sorted, BAT **order, BAT **groups,
    2320             :         BAT *b, BAT *o, BAT *g, bool reverse, bool nilslast, bool stable)
    2321             : {
    2322       29343 :         BAT *bn = NULL, *on = NULL, *gn = NULL, *pb = NULL;
    2323       29343 :         BATiter pbi;
    2324       29343 :         oid *restrict grps, *restrict ords, prev;
    2325       29343 :         BUN p, q, r;
    2326       29343 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2327       29343 :         bool mkorderidx, orderidxlock = false;
    2328       29343 :         Heap *oidxh = NULL;
    2329             : 
    2330             :         /* we haven't implemented NILs as largest value for stable
    2331             :          * sort, so NILs come first for ascending and last for
    2332             :          * descending */
    2333       29343 :         assert(!stable || reverse == nilslast);
    2334             : 
    2335       29343 :         if (b == NULL) {
    2336           0 :                 GDKerror("b must exist\n");
    2337           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2338             :         }
    2339       29343 :         if (stable && reverse != nilslast) {
    2340           0 :                 GDKerror("stable sort cannot have reverse != nilslast\n");
    2341           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2342             :         }
    2343       29343 :         if (!ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
    2344           0 :                 GDKerror("type %s cannot be sorted\n", ATOMname(b->ttype));
    2345           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2346             :         }
    2347       29343 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2348       29343 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2349         115 :                 b->tsorted = true;
    2350         168 :                 if (b->trevsorted != (is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase) || b->batCount <= 1)) {
    2351           0 :                         b->trevsorted = !b->trevsorted;
    2352             :                 }
    2353         230 :                 if (b->tkey != (!is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase) || b->batCount <= 1)) {
    2354           0 :                         b->tkey = !b->tkey;
    2355             :                 }
    2356       29228 :         } else if (b->batCount <= 1) {
    2357        9403 :                 if (!b->tsorted || !b->trevsorted) {
    2358          29 :                         b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = true;
    2359             :                 }
    2360             :         }
    2361       29343 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2362       29343 :         if (o != NULL &&
    2363       15945 :             (ATOMtype(o->ttype) != TYPE_oid || /* oid tail */
    2364       15945 :              BATcount(o) != BATcount(b) ||     /* same size as b */
    2365        6283 :              (o->ttype == TYPE_void &&              /* no nil tail */
    2366        2422 :               BATcount(o) != 0 &&
    2367        2422 :               is_oid_nil(o->tseqbase)))) {
    2368           0 :                 GDKerror("o must have type oid and same size as b\n");
    2369           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2370             :         }
    2371       29343 :         if (g != NULL &&
    2372       15945 :             (ATOMtype(g->ttype) != TYPE_oid || /* oid tail */
    2373       15945 :              !g->tsorted ||                 /* sorted */
    2374       15945 :              BATcount(g) != BATcount(b) ||     /* same size as b */
    2375        6544 :              (g->ttype == TYPE_void &&              /* no nil tail */
    2376        2683 :               BATcount(g) != 0 &&
    2377        2683 :               is_oid_nil(g->tseqbase)))) {
    2378           0 :                 GDKerror("g must have type oid, sorted on the tail, "
    2379             :                          "and same size as b\n");
    2380           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2381             :         }
    2382       29343 :         if (sorted == NULL && order == NULL) {
    2383             :                 /* no place to put result, so we're done quickly */
    2384           0 :                 GDKerror("no place to put the result.\n");
    2385           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2386             :         }
    2387       29343 :         if (g == NULL && !stable) {
    2388             :                 /* pre-ordering doesn't make sense if we're not
    2389             :                  * subsorting and the sort is not stable */
    2390       13116 :                 o = NULL;
    2391             :         }
    2392       29343 :         if (b->tnonil) {
    2393             :                 /* if there are no nils, placement of nils doesn't
    2394             :                  * matter, so set nilslast such that ordered bits can
    2395             :                  * be used */
    2396       20648 :                 nilslast = reverse;
    2397             :         }
    2398       29343 :         pbi = bat_iterator(NULL);
    2399       30298 :         if (BATcount(b) <= 1 ||
    2400       19780 :             (reverse == nilslast &&
    2401             :              (reverse ? b->trevsorted : b->tsorted) &&
    2402        5002 :              o == NULL && g == NULL &&
    2403        2307 :              (groups == NULL || BATtkey(b) ||
    2404             :               (reverse ? b->tsorted : b->trevsorted)))) {
    2405             :                 /* trivially (sub)sorted, and either we don't need to
    2406             :                  * return group information, or we can trivially
    2407             :                  * deduce the groups */
    2408       11318 :                 if (sorted) {
    2409        9932 :                         bn = COLcopy(b, b->ttype, false, TRANSIENT);
    2410        9932 :                         if (bn == NULL)
    2411           0 :                                 goto error;
    2412        9932 :                         *sorted = bn;
    2413             :                 }
    2414       11318 :                 if (order) {
    2415       10418 :                         on = BATdense(b->hseqbase, b->hseqbase, BATcount(b));
    2416       10418 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2417           0 :                                 goto error;
    2418       10418 :                         *order = on;
    2419             :                 }
    2420       11318 :                 if (groups) {
    2421        5870 :                         if (BATtkey(b)) {
    2422             :                                 /* singleton groups */
    2423        5457 :                                 gn = BATdense(0, 0, BATcount(b));
    2424        5457 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2425           0 :                                         goto error;
    2426             :                         } else {
    2427             :                                 /* single group */
    2428         413 :                                 const oid *o = 0;
    2429         413 :                                 assert(BATcount(b) == 1 ||
    2430             :                                        (b->tsorted && b->trevsorted));
    2431         413 :                                 gn = BATconstant(0, TYPE_oid, &o, BATcount(b), TRANSIENT);
    2432         413 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2433           0 :                                         goto error;
    2434             :                         }
    2435        5870 :                         *groups = gn;
    2436             :                 }
    2437       11318 :                 bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2438       11318 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o="
    2439             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2440             :                           ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d) = ("
    2441             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2442             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- trivial (" LLFMT
    2443             :                           " usec)\n",
    2444             :                           ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2445             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast, stable,
    2446             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn),
    2447             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(on), GDKusec() - t0);
    2448       11318 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2449             :         }
    2450       18025 :         if (VIEWtparent(b)) {
    2451        3549 :                 pb = BATdescriptor(VIEWtparent(b));
    2452        3549 :                 if (pb != NULL &&
    2453        3549 :                     (b->tbaseoff != pb->tbaseoff ||
    2454        2819 :                      BATcount(b) != BATcount(pb) ||
    2455        2574 :                      b->hseqbase != pb->hseqbase ||
    2456        2565 :                      BATatoms[b->ttype].atomCmp != BATatoms[pb->ttype].atomCmp)) {
    2457         984 :                         BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2458         984 :                         pb = NULL;
    2459             :                 }
    2460             :         } else {
    2461             :                 pb = b;
    2462             :         }
    2463       18025 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2464       18025 :         pbi = bat_iterator(pb);
    2465             :         /* when we will create an order index if it doesn't already exist */
    2466       18025 :         mkorderidx = (g == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && pb != NULL && (order || !pbi.transient));
    2467       18025 :         if (g == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && pb != NULL) {
    2468        5895 :                 (void) BATcheckorderidx(pb);
    2469        5895 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2470        5895 :                 if (pb->torderidx) {
    2471          59 :                         if (!stable || ((oid *) pb->torderidx->base)[2]) {
    2472             :                                 /* we can use the order index */
    2473          59 :                                 oidxh = pb->torderidx;
    2474          59 :                                 HEAPincref(oidxh);
    2475             :                         }
    2476             :                         mkorderidx = false;
    2477        5836 :                 } else if (b != pb) {
    2478             :                         /* don't build orderidx on parent bat */
    2479             :                         mkorderidx = false;
    2480        4928 :                 } else if (mkorderidx) {
    2481             :                         /* keep lock when going to create */
    2482        4307 :                         orderidxlock = true;
    2483             :                 }
    2484        5895 :                 if (!orderidxlock)
    2485        1588 :                         MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2486             :         }
    2487       18025 :         if (g == NULL && o == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && oidxh != NULL) {
    2488             :                 /* there is an order index that we can use */
    2489          59 :                 on = COLnew(pb->hseqbase, TYPE_oid, pbi.count, TRANSIENT);
    2490          59 :                 if (on == NULL)
    2491           0 :                         goto error;
    2492          59 :                 memcpy(Tloc(on, 0), (oid *) oidxh->base + ORDERIDXOFF, pbi.count * sizeof(oid));
    2493          59 :                 BATsetcount(on, BATcount(b));
    2494          59 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2495          59 :                 oidxh = NULL;
    2496          59 :                 on->tkey = true;
    2497          59 :                 on->tnil = false;
    2498          59 :                 on->tnonil = true;
    2499          59 :                 on->tsorted = on->trevsorted = false;
    2500          59 :                 on->tseqbase = oid_nil;
    2501          59 :                 if (sorted || groups) {
    2502          59 :                         bn = BATproject(on, b);
    2503          59 :                         if (bn == NULL)
    2504           0 :                                 goto error;
    2505          59 :                         bn->tsorted = true;
    2506          59 :                         if (groups) {
    2507           4 :                                 if (BATgroup_internal(groups, NULL, NULL, bn, NULL, g, NULL, NULL, true) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2508           0 :                                         goto error;
    2509           4 :                                 if (sorted &&
    2510           4 :                                     (*groups)->tkey &&
    2511             :                                     g == NULL) {
    2512             :                                         /* if new groups bat is key
    2513             :                                          * and since there is no input
    2514             :                                          * groups bat, we know the
    2515             :                                          * result bat is key */
    2516           4 :                                         bn->tkey = true;
    2517             :                                 }
    2518             :                         }
    2519          59 :                         if (sorted)
    2520          59 :                                 *sorted = bn;
    2521             :                         else {
    2522           0 :                                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2523           0 :                                 bn = NULL;
    2524             :                         }
    2525             :                 }
    2526          59 :                 if (order)
    2527           9 :                         *order = on;
    2528             :                 else {
    2529          50 :                         BBPunfix(on->batCacheid);
    2530          50 :                         on = NULL;
    2531             :                 }
    2532          59 :                 bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2533          59 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o="
    2534             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2535             :                           ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d) = ("
    2536             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2537             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- orderidx (" LLFMT
    2538             :                           " usec)\n",
    2539             :                           ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2540             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast, stable,
    2541             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn),
    2542             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(on), GDKusec() - t0);
    2543          59 :                 if (pb != NULL && pb != b)
    2544          53 :                         BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2545          59 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2546       11586 :         } else if (oidxh) {
    2547           0 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2548           0 :                 oidxh = NULL;
    2549             :         }
    2550       17966 :         if (o) {
    2551       11017 :                 bn = BATproject(o, b);
    2552       11017 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    2553           0 :                         goto error;
    2554       11017 :                 if (bn->ttype == TYPE_void || isVIEW(bn)) {
    2555        4840 :                         BAT *b2 = COLcopy(bn, ATOMtype(bn->ttype), true, TRANSIENT);
    2556        2420 :                         BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2557        2420 :                         bn = b2;
    2558             :                 }
    2559       11017 :                 if (pb) {
    2560       10598 :                         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2561       10598 :                         if (pb != b)
    2562        1266 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2563       10598 :                         pbi = bat_iterator(NULL);
    2564       10598 :                         pb = NULL;
    2565             :                 }
    2566             :         } else {
    2567        6949 :                 bn = COLcopy(b, b->ttype, true, TRANSIENT);
    2568             :         }
    2569       17966 :         if (bn == NULL)
    2570           0 :                 goto error;
    2571       17966 :         if (order) {
    2572             :                 /* prepare order bat */
    2573       15141 :                 if (o) {
    2574             :                         /* make copy of input so that we can refine it;
    2575             :                          * copy can be read-only if we take the shortcut
    2576             :                          * below in the case g is "key" */
    2577        9375 :                         on = COLcopy(o, TYPE_oid,
    2578        9375 :                                      g == NULL ||
    2579        9375 :                                      !(g->tkey || g->ttype == TYPE_void),
    2580             :                                      TRANSIENT);
    2581        9375 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2582           0 :                                 goto error;
    2583        9375 :                         BAThseqbase(on, b->hseqbase);
    2584        9375 :                         on->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    2585        9375 :                         on->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    2586             :                 } else {
    2587             :                         /* create new order */
    2588        5766 :                         on = COLnew(b->hseqbase, TYPE_oid, BATcount(bn), TRANSIENT);
    2589        5766 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2590           0 :                                 goto error;
    2591        5766 :                         ords = (oid *) Tloc(on, 0);
    2592    31469193 :                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(bn); p < q; p++)
    2593    31463427 :                                 ords[p] = p + b->hseqbase;
    2594        5766 :                         BATsetcount(on, BATcount(bn));
    2595        5766 :                         on->tkey = true;
    2596        5766 :                         on->tnil = false;
    2597        5766 :                         on->tnonil = true;
    2598             :                 }
    2599             :                 /* COLcopy above can create TYPE_void */
    2600       15141 :                 if (on->ttype != TYPE_void) {
    2601       14393 :                         on->tsorted = on->trevsorted = false; /* it won't be sorted */
    2602       14393 :                         on->tseqbase = oid_nil;      /* and hence not dense */
    2603       14393 :                         on->tnosorted = on->tnorevsorted = 0;
    2604             :                 }
    2605       15141 :                 *order = on;
    2606       15141 :                 ords = (oid *) Tloc(on, 0);
    2607             :         } else {
    2608             :                 ords = NULL;
    2609             :         }
    2610       17966 :         if (g) {
    2611       11017 :                 if (g->tkey || g->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2612             :                         /* if g is "key", all groups are size 1, so no
    2613             :                          * subsorting needed */
    2614        4973 :                         if (sorted) {
    2615        4597 :                                 *sorted = bn;
    2616             :                         } else {
    2617         376 :                                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2618         376 :                                 bn = NULL;
    2619             :                         }
    2620        4973 :                         if (order) {
    2621        3802 :                                 *order = on;
    2622        3802 :                                 if (o) {
    2623             :                                         /* we can inherit sortedness
    2624             :                                          * after all */
    2625        3802 :                                         on->tsorted = o->tsorted;
    2626        3802 :                                         on->trevsorted = o->trevsorted;
    2627        3802 :                                         if (o->tnosorted)
    2628          56 :                                                 on->tnosorted = o->tnosorted;
    2629        3802 :                                         if (o->tnorevsorted)
    2630          74 :                                                 on->tnorevsorted = o->tnorevsorted;
    2631             :                                 } else {
    2632             :                                         /* we didn't rearrange, so
    2633             :                                          * still sorted */
    2634           0 :                                         on->tsorted = true;
    2635           0 :                                         on->trevsorted = false;
    2636             :                                 }
    2637        3802 :                                 if (BATcount(on) <= 1) {
    2638           0 :                                         on->tsorted = true;
    2639           0 :                                         on->trevsorted = true;
    2640             :                                 }
    2641             :                         }
    2642        4973 :                         if (groups) {
    2643        2881 :                                 gn = COLcopy(g, g->ttype, false, TRANSIENT);
    2644        2881 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2645           0 :                                         goto error;
    2646        2881 :                                 *groups = gn;
    2647             :                         }
    2648        4973 :                         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2649        4973 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT
    2650             :                                   ",o=" ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOBATFMT
    2651             :                                   ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d"
    2652             :                                   ") = (" ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2653             :                                   ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2654             :                                   " -- key group (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
    2655             :                                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2656             :                                   ALGOBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast,
    2657             :                                   stable, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn),
    2658             :                                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(on),
    2659             :                                   GDKusec() - t0);
    2660        4973 :                         if (pb != NULL && pb != b)
    2661           0 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2662        4973 :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2663             :                 }
    2664        6044 :                 assert(g->ttype == TYPE_oid);
    2665        6044 :                 grps = (oid *) Tloc(g, 0);
    2666        6044 :                 prev = grps[0];
    2667        6044 :                 if (BATmaterialize(bn, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2668           0 :                         goto error;
    2669    45640139 :                 for (r = 0, p = 1, q = BATcount(g); p < q; p++) {
    2670    45634095 :                         if (grps[p] != prev) {
    2671             :                                 /* sub sort [r,p) */
    2672     7565528 :                                 if (do_sort(Tloc(bn, r),
    2673     3632748 :                                             ords ? ords + r : NULL,
    2674     3932780 :                                             bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2675     3932780 :                                             p - r, bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2676     3932780 :                                             bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2677           0 :                                         goto error;
    2678     3932780 :                                 r = p;
    2679     3932780 :                                 prev = grps[p];
    2680             :                         }
    2681             :                 }
    2682             :                 /* sub sort [r,q) */
    2683       11617 :                 if (do_sort(Tloc(bn, r),
    2684        5573 :                             ords ? ords + r : NULL,
    2685        6044 :                             bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2686        6044 :                             p - r, bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2687        6044 :                             bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2688           0 :                         goto error;
    2689             :                 /* if single group (r==0) the result is (rev)sorted,
    2690             :                  * otherwise (maybe) not */
    2691        6044 :                 bn->tsorted = r == 0 && !reverse && !nilslast;
    2692       12059 :                 bn->trevsorted = r == 0 && reverse && nilslast;
    2693             :         } else {
    2694        6949 :                 Heap *m = NULL;
    2695             :                 /* only invest in creating an order index if the BAT
    2696             :                  * is persistent */
    2697        6949 :                 if (mkorderidx) {
    2698        4307 :                         assert(orderidxlock);
    2699        4307 :                         if ((m = createOIDXheap(pb, stable)) != NULL &&
    2700             :                             ords == NULL) {
    2701           0 :                                 ords = (oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF;
    2702           0 :                                 if (o && o->ttype != TYPE_void)
    2703           0 :                                         memcpy(ords, Tloc(o, 0), BATcount(o) * sizeof(oid));
    2704           0 :                                 else if (o)
    2705           0 :                                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(o); p < q; p++)
    2706           0 :                                                 ords[p] = p + o->tseqbase;
    2707             :                                 else
    2708           0 :                                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(b); p < q; p++)
    2709           0 :                                                 ords[p] = p + b->hseqbase;
    2710             :                         }
    2711             :                 }
    2712        6949 :                 if ((reverse != nilslast ||
    2713       13232 :                      (reverse ? !bn->trevsorted : !bn->tsorted)) &&
    2714       12750 :                     (BATmaterialize(bn, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED ||
    2715        6375 :                      do_sort(Tloc(bn, 0),
    2716             :                              ords,
    2717        6375 :                              bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2718        6375 :                              BATcount(bn), bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2719        6375 :                              bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)) {
    2720           0 :                         if (m != NULL) {
    2721           0 :                                 HEAPfree(m, true);
    2722           0 :                                 GDKfree(m);
    2723             :                         }
    2724           0 :                         goto error;
    2725             :                 }
    2726        6949 :                 bn->tsorted = !reverse && !nilslast;
    2727        6949 :                 bn->trevsorted = reverse && nilslast;
    2728        6949 :                 if (m != NULL) {
    2729        4307 :                         assert(orderidxlock);
    2730        4307 :                         if (pb->torderidx == NULL) {
    2731        4307 :                                 if (ords != (oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF) {
    2732        4307 :                                         memcpy((oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF,
    2733             :                                                ords,
    2734        4307 :                                                pbi.count * sizeof(oid));
    2735             :                                 }
    2736        4307 :                                 pb->torderidx = m;
    2737        4307 :                                 persistOIDX(pb);
    2738             :                         } else {
    2739           0 :                                 HEAPfree(m, true);
    2740           0 :                                 GDKfree(m);
    2741             :                         }
    2742             :                 }
    2743             :         }
    2744       12993 :         if (orderidxlock) {
    2745        4307 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2746        4307 :                 orderidxlock = false;
    2747             :         }
    2748       12993 :         bn->theap->dirty = true;
    2749       12993 :         bn->tnosorted = 0;
    2750       12993 :         bn->tnorevsorted = 0;
    2751       12993 :         bn->tnokey[0] = bn->tnokey[1] = 0;
    2752       12993 :         bn->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    2753       12993 :         bn->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    2754       12993 :         if (groups) {
    2755        7864 :                 if (BATgroup_internal(groups, NULL, NULL, bn, NULL, g, NULL, NULL, true) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2756           0 :                         goto error;
    2757        7864 :                 if ((*groups)->tkey &&
    2758         898 :                     (g == NULL || (g->tsorted && g->trevsorted))) {
    2759             :                         /* if new groups bat is key and the input
    2760             :                          * group bat has a single value (both sorted
    2761             :                          * and revsorted), we know the result bat is
    2762             :                          * key */
    2763        1122 :                         bn->tkey = true;
    2764             :                 }
    2765             :         }
    2766             : 
    2767       12993 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2768       12993 :         if (sorted)
    2769        9896 :                 *sorted = bn;
    2770             :         else {
    2771        3097 :                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2772        3097 :                 bn = NULL;
    2773             :         }
    2774             : 
    2775       12993 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2776             :                   ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,"
    2777             :                   "stable=%d) = (" ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2778             :                   ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- %ssort (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
    2779             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o), ALGOOPTBATPAR(g),
    2780             :                   reverse, nilslast, stable, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn),
    2781             :                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(on),
    2782             :                   g ? "grouped " : "", GDKusec() - t0);
    2783       12993 :         if (pb && pb != b)
    2784        1246 :                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2785             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2786             : 
    2787           0 :   error:
    2788           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2789           0 :         if (orderidxlock)
    2790           0 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2791           0 :         if (oidxh)
    2792           0 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2793           0 :         BBPreclaim(bn);
    2794           0 :         if (pb && pb != b)
    2795           0 :                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2796           0 :         BBPreclaim(on);
    2797           0 :         if (sorted)
    2798           0 :                 *sorted = NULL;
    2799           0 :         if (order)
    2800           0 :                 *order = NULL;
    2801           0 :         if (groups)
    2802           0 :                 *groups = NULL;
    2803             :         return GDK_FAIL;
    2804             : }
    2805             : 
    2806             : /* return a new BAT of length n with seqbase hseq, and the constant v
    2807             :  * in the tail */
    2808             : BAT *
    2809      901529 : BATconstant(oid hseq, int tailtype, const void *v, BUN n, role_t role)
    2810             : {
    2811      901529 :         BAT *bn;
    2812      901529 :         void *restrict p;
    2813      901529 :         BUN i;
    2814      901529 :         lng t0 = 0;
    2815             : 
    2816      901529 :         TRC_DEBUG_IF(ALGO) t0 = GDKusec();
    2817      901529 :         if (v == NULL)
    2818             :                 return NULL;
    2819      901529 :         bn = COLnew(hseq, tailtype, n, role);
    2820      901294 :         if (bn != NULL && n > 0) {
    2821       73862 :                 p = Tloc(bn, 0);
    2822       73862 :                 switch (ATOMstorage(tailtype)) {
    2823          23 :                 case TYPE_void:
    2824          23 :                         v = &oid_nil;
    2825          23 :                         BATtseqbase(bn, oid_nil);
    2826          23 :                         break;
    2827           0 :                 case TYPE_msk:
    2828           0 :                         if (*(msk*)v) {
    2829           0 :                                 memset(p, 0xFF, 4 * ((n + 31) / 32));
    2830           0 :                                 if (n & 31) {
    2831           0 :                                         uint32_t *m = p;
    2832           0 :                                         m[n / 32] &= (1U << (n % 32)) - 1;
    2833             :                                 }
    2834             :                         } else
    2835           0 :                                 memset(p, 0x00, 4 * ((n + 31) / 32));
    2836             :                         break;
    2837        9952 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2838        9952 :                         memset(p, *(bte*)v, n);
    2839        9952 :                         break;
    2840             :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2841     7158552 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2842     7142860 :                                 ((sht *) p)[i] = *(sht *) v;
    2843             :                         break;
    2844             :                 case TYPE_int:
    2845             :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2846             :                         assert(sizeof(int) == sizeof(flt));
    2847   219232934 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2848   219227484 :                                 ((int *) p)[i] = *(int *) v;
    2849             :                         break;
    2850             :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2851             :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2852             :                         assert(sizeof(lng) == sizeof(dbl));
    2853   237429550 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2854   237402313 :                                 ((lng *) p)[i] = *(lng *) v;
    2855             :                         break;
    2856             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2857             :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2858    29077239 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2859    29076033 :                                 ((hge *) p)[i] = *(hge *) v;
    2860             :                         break;
    2861             : #endif
    2862             :                 case TYPE_uuid:
    2863      200047 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2864      200038 :                                 ((uuid *) p)[i] = *(uuid *) v;
    2865             :                         break;
    2866       14151 :                 case TYPE_str:
    2867             :                         /* insert the first value, then just copy the
    2868             :                          * offset lots of times */
    2869       14151 :                         if (tfastins_nocheck(bn, 0, v) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    2870           0 :                                 BBPreclaim(bn);
    2871           0 :                                 return NULL;
    2872             :                         }
    2873       14150 :                         char val[sizeof(var_t)];
    2874       14150 :                         memcpy(val, Tloc(bn, 0), bn->twidth);
    2875       14150 :                         if (bn->twidth == 1 && n > 1) {
    2876             :                                 /* single byte value: we have a
    2877             :                                  * function for that */
    2878        7391 :                                 memset(Tloc(bn, 1), val[0], n - 1);
    2879             :                         } else {
    2880        6759 :                                 char *p = Tloc(bn, 0);
    2881        6779 :                                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
    2882          20 :                                         p += bn->twidth;
    2883          20 :                                         memcpy(p, val, bn->twidth);
    2884             :                                 }
    2885             :                         }
    2886             :                         break;
    2887             :                 default:
    2888      333705 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2889      333563 :                                 if (tfastins_nocheck(bn, i, v) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    2890           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    2891           0 :                                         return NULL;
    2892             :                                 }
    2893             :                         break;
    2894             :                 }
    2895       73861 :                 bn->theap->dirty = true;
    2896       73861 :                 bn->tnil = n >= 1 && ATOMnilptr(tailtype) && (*ATOMcompare(tailtype))(v, ATOMnilptr(tailtype)) == 0;
    2897       73856 :                 BATsetcount(bn, n);
    2898       73858 :                 bn->tsorted = bn->trevsorted = ATOMlinear(tailtype);
    2899       73858 :                 bn->tnonil = !bn->tnil;
    2900       73858 :                 bn->tkey = BATcount(bn) <= 1;
    2901             :         }
    2902      901290 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "-> " ALGOOPTBATFMT " " LLFMT "usec\n",
    2903             :                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), GDKusec() - t0);
    2904             :         return bn;
    2905             : }
    2906             : 
    2907             : /*
    2908             :  * BAT Aggregates
    2909             :  *
    2910             :  * We retain the size() and card() aggregate results in the column
    2911             :  * descriptor.  We would like to have such functionality in an
    2912             :  * extensible way for many aggregates, for DD (1) we do not want to
    2913             :  * change the binary BAT format on disk and (2) aggr and size are the
    2914             :  * most relevant aggregates.
    2915             :  *
    2916             :  * It is all hacked into the aggr[3] records; three adjacent integers
    2917             :  * that were left over in the column record. We refer to these as if
    2918             :  * it where an int aggr[3] array.  The below routines set and retrieve
    2919             :  * the aggregate values from the tail of the BAT, as many
    2920             :  * aggregate-manipulating BAT functions work on tail.
    2921             :  *
    2922             :  * The rules are as follows: aggr[0] contains the alignment ID of the
    2923             :  * column (if set i.e. nonzero).  Hence, if this value is nonzero and
    2924             :  * equal to b->talign, the precomputed aggregate values in
    2925             :  * aggr[GDK_AGGR_SIZE] and aggr[GDK_AGGR_CARD] hold. However, only one
    2926             :  * of them may be set at the time. This is encoded by the value
    2927             :  * int_nil, which cannot occur in these two aggregates.
    2928             :  *
    2929             :  * This was now extended to record the property whether we know there
    2930             :  * is a nil value present by mis-using the highest bits of both
    2931             :  * GDK_AGGR_SIZE and GDK_AGGR_CARD.
    2932             :  */
    2933             : 
    2934             : void
    2935    38059027 : PROPdestroy_nolock(BAT *b)
    2936             : {
    2937    38059027 :         PROPrec *p = b->tprops;
    2938    38059027 :         PROPrec *n;
    2939             : 
    2940    38059027 :         b->tprops = NULL;
    2941    38063228 :         while (p) {
    2942        4100 :                 n = p->next;
    2943        4100 :                 assert(p->id != (enum prop_t) 20);
    2944        4100 :                 VALclear(&p->v);
    2945        4100 :                 GDKfree(p);
    2946        4100 :                 p = n;
    2947             :         }
    2948    38059128 : }
    2949             : 
    2950             : void
    2951         427 : PROPdestroy(BAT *b)
    2952             : {
    2953         427 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2954         427 :         PROPdestroy_nolock(b);
    2955         427 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2956         427 : }
    2957             : 
    2958             : ValPtr
    2959   203000490 : BATgetprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    2960             : {
    2961   203000490 :         PROPrec *p;
    2962             : 
    2963   203000490 :         p = b->tprops;
    2964   203006158 :         while (p && p->id != idx)
    2965        5668 :                 p = p->next;
    2966   203000490 :         return p ? &p->v : NULL;
    2967             : }
    2968             : 
    2969             : void
    2970      408717 : BATrmprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    2971             : {
    2972      408717 :         PROPrec *prop = b->tprops, *prev = NULL;
    2973             : 
    2974      408952 :         while (prop) {
    2975      408825 :                 if (prop->id == idx) {
    2976      408590 :                         if (prev)
    2977         106 :                                 prev->next = prop->next;
    2978             :                         else
    2979      408484 :                                 b->tprops = prop->next;
    2980      408590 :                         VALclear(&prop->v);
    2981      408590 :                         GDKfree(prop);
    2982      408590 :                         return;
    2983             :                 }
    2984         235 :                 prev = prop;
    2985         235 :                 prop = prop->next;
    2986             :         }
    2987             : }
    2988             : 
    2989             : ValPtr
    2990      412729 : BATsetprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx, int type, const void *v)
    2991             : {
    2992      412729 :         PROPrec *p;
    2993             : 
    2994      412729 :         p = b->tprops;
    2995      419501 :         while (p && p->id != idx)
    2996        6772 :                 p = p->next;
    2997      412729 :         if (p == NULL) {
    2998      412722 :                 if ((p = GDKmalloc(sizeof(PROPrec))) == NULL) {
    2999             :                         /* properties are hints, so if we can't create
    3000             :                          * one we ignore the error */
    3001           0 :                         GDKclrerr();
    3002           0 :                         return NULL;
    3003             :                 }
    3004      412722 :                 p->id = idx;
    3005      412722 :                 p->next = b->tprops;
    3006      412722 :                 p->v.vtype = 0;
    3007      412722 :                 b->tprops = p;
    3008             :         } else {
    3009           7 :                 VALclear(&p->v);
    3010             :         }
    3011      412729 :         if (VALinit(&p->v, type, v) == NULL) {
    3012             :                 /* failed to initialize, so remove property */
    3013           0 :                 BATrmprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3014           0 :                 GDKclrerr();
    3015           0 :                 p = NULL;
    3016             :         }
    3017           0 :         return p ? &p->v : NULL;
    3018             : }
    3019             : 
    3020             : ValPtr
    3021     2874112 : BATgetprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    3022             : {
    3023     2874112 :         ValPtr p;
    3024             : 
    3025     2874112 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3026     2874003 :         p = BATgetprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3027     2874047 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3028     2873994 :         return p;
    3029             : }
    3030             : 
    3031             : ValPtr
    3032        3910 : BATsetprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx, int type, const void *v)
    3033             : {
    3034        3910 :         ValPtr p;
    3035        3910 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3036        3910 :         p = BATsetprop_nolock(b, idx, type, v);
    3037        3910 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3038        3910 :         return p;
    3039             : }
    3040             : 
    3041             : void
    3042           2 : BATrmprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    3043             : {
    3044           2 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3045           2 :         BATrmprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3046           2 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3047           2 : }
    3048             : 
    3049             : /*
    3050             :  * The BATcount_no_nil function counts all BUN in a BAT that have a
    3051             :  * non-nil tail value.
    3052             :  * This function does not fail (the callers currently don't check for failure).
    3053             :  */
    3054             : BUN
    3055        2203 : BATcount_no_nil(BAT *b, BAT *s)
    3056             : {
    3057        2203 :         BUN cnt = 0;
    3058        2203 :         const void *restrict p, *restrict nil;
    3059        2203 :         const char *restrict base;
    3060        2203 :         int t;
    3061        2203 :         int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *);
    3062        2203 :         struct canditer ci;
    3063        2203 :         oid hseq;
    3064             : 
    3065        2203 :         BATcheck(b, 0);
    3066             : 
    3067        2203 :         hseq = b->hseqbase;
    3068        2203 :         canditer_init(&ci, b, s);
    3069        2203 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator(b);
    3070        2203 :         if (bi.nonil) {
    3071        1999 :                 bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    3072        1999 :                 return ci.ncand;
    3073             :         }
    3074         204 :         p = bi.base;
    3075         204 :         t = ATOMbasetype(bi.type);
    3076         204 :         switch (t) {
    3077           0 :         case TYPE_void:
    3078           0 :                 cnt = ci.ncand * BATtdensebi(&bi);
    3079           0 :                 break;
    3080           0 :         case TYPE_msk:
    3081           0 :                 cnt = ci.ncand;
    3082           0 :                 break;
    3083          15 :         case TYPE_bte:
    3084          31 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3085          16 :                         cnt += !is_bte_nil(((const bte *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3086             :                 break;
    3087           0 :         case TYPE_sht:
    3088           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3089           0 :                         cnt += !is_sht_nil(((const sht *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3090             :                 break;
    3091          79 :         case TYPE_int:
    3092     5681510 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3093     5681431 :                         cnt += !is_int_nil(((const int *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3094             :                 break;
    3095          85 :         case TYPE_lng:
    3096      156873 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3097      156788 :                         cnt += !is_lng_nil(((const lng *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3098             :                 break;
    3099             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    3100           0 :         case TYPE_hge:
    3101           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3102           0 :                         cnt += !is_hge_nil(((const hge *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3103             :                 break;
    3104             : #endif
    3105           0 :         case TYPE_flt:
    3106           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3107           0 :                         cnt += !is_flt_nil(((const flt *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3108             :                 break;
    3109           0 :         case TYPE_dbl:
    3110           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3111           0 :                         cnt += !is_dbl_nil(((const dbl *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3112             :                 break;
    3113           0 :         case TYPE_uuid:
    3114           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3115           0 :                         cnt += !is_uuid_nil(((const uuid *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3116             :                 break;
    3117          25 :         case TYPE_str:
    3118          25 :                 base = bi.vh->base;
    3119          25 :                 switch (bi.width) {
    3120          23 :                 case 1:
    3121        4805 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3122        4782 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint8_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq] + GDK_VAROFFSET] != '\200';
    3123             :                         break;
    3124           1 :                 case 2:
    3125         144 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3126         143 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint16_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq] + GDK_VAROFFSET] != '\200';
    3127             :                         break;
    3128           1 :                 case 4:
    3129         168 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3130         167 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint32_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]] != '\200';
    3131             :                         break;
    3132             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    3133           0 :                 case 8:
    3134           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3135           0 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint64_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]] != '\200';
    3136             :                         break;
    3137             : #endif
    3138             :                 default:
    3139           0 :                         MT_UNREACHABLE();
    3140             :                 }
    3141             :                 break;
    3142           0 :         default:
    3143           0 :                 nil = ATOMnilptr(t);
    3144           0 :                 cmp = ATOMcompare(t);
    3145           0 :                 if (nil == NULL) {
    3146           0 :                         cnt = ci.ncand;
    3147           0 :                 } else if (b->tvheap) {
    3148           0 :                         base = b->tvheap->base;
    3149           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3150           0 :                                 cnt += (*cmp)(nil, base + ((const var_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]) != 0;
    3151             :                 } else {
    3152           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3153           0 :                                 cnt += (*cmp)(BUNtloc(bi, canditer_next(&ci) - hseq), nil) != 0;
    3154             :                 }
    3155             :                 break;
    3156             :         }
    3157         204 :         if (cnt == bi.count) {
    3158          24 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3159          24 :                 if (cnt == BATcount(b) && bi.h == b->theap) {
    3160             :                         /* we learned something */
    3161          24 :                         b->tnonil = true;
    3162          24 :                         assert(!b->tnil);
    3163          24 :                         b->tnil = false;
    3164             :                 }
    3165          24 :                 bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    3166          24 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3167          24 :                 if (pbid) {
    3168          15 :                         BAT *pb = BATdescriptor(pbid);
    3169          15 :                         if (pb) {
    3170          15 :                                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    3171          15 :                                 if (cnt == BATcount(pb) &&
    3172           0 :                                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    3173           0 :                                     !pb->tnonil) {
    3174           0 :                                         pb->tnonil = true;
    3175           0 :                                         assert(!pb->tnil);
    3176           0 :                                         pb->tnil = false;
    3177             :                                 }
    3178          15 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    3179          15 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    3180             :                         }
    3181             :                 }
    3182             :         }
    3183         204 :         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    3184         204 :         return cnt;
    3185             : }

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