LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - monetdb5/modules/kernel - algebra.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: coverage.info Lines: 747 973 76.8 %
Date: 2024-11-11 20:03:36 Functions: 67 82 81.7 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /*
       2             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
       3             :  *
       4             :  * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
       5             :  * License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
       6             :  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
       7             :  *
       8             :  * Copyright 2024 MonetDB Foundation;
       9             :  * Copyright August 2008 - 2023 MonetDB B.V.;
      10             :  * Copyright 1997 - July 2008 CWI.
      11             :  */
      12             : 
      13             : /*
      14             :  * (c) Peter Boncz, Martin Kersten, Niels Nes, Sjoerd Mullender
      15             :  * BAT Algebra
      16             :  * This modules contains the most common algebraic BAT manipulation
      17             :  * commands. We call them algebra, because all operations take
      18             :  * values as parameters, and produce new result values, but
      19             :  * do not modify their parameters.
      20             :  *
      21             :  * Unlike the previous Monet versions, we reduce the number
      22             :  * of functions returning a BAT reference. This was previously needed
      23             :  * to simplify recursive bat-expression and manage reference counts.
      24             :  * In the current version we return only a BAT identifier when a new
      25             :  * bat is being created.
      26             :  *
      27             :  * All parameters to the modules are passed by reference.
      28             :  * In particular, this means that
      29             :  * string values are passed to the module layer as (str *)
      30             :  * and we have to de-reference them before entering the gdk library.
      31             :  * This calls for knowledge on the underlying BAT typs`s
      32             :  */
      33             : #define derefStr(b, v)                                                  \
      34             :         do {                                                                            \
      35             :                 int _tpe= ATOMstorage((b)->ttype);           \
      36             :                 if (_tpe >= TYPE_str) {                                      \
      37             :                         if ((v) == 0 || *(str*) (v) == 0)       \
      38             :                                 (v) = (str) str_nil;                    \
      39             :                         else                                                            \
      40             :                                 (v) = *(str *) (v);                             \
      41             :                 }                                                                               \
      42             :         } while (0)
      43             : 
      44             : #include "monetdb_config.h"
      45             : #include "algebra.h"
      46             : 
      47             : /*
      48             :  * Command Implementations in C
      49             :  * This module contains just a wrapper implementations; since all described
      50             :  * operations are part of the GDK kernel.
      51             :  *
      52             :  * BAT sum operation
      53             :  * The sum aggregate only works for int and float fields.
      54             :  * The routines below assumes that the caller knows what type
      55             :  * is large enough to prevent overflow.
      56             :  */
      57             : 
      58             : static gdk_return
      59        2388 : CMDgen_group(BAT **result, BAT *gids, BAT *cnts)
      60             : {
      61        2388 :         BUN j;
      62        2388 :         BATiter gi = bat_iterator(gids);
      63        2388 :         BAT *r = COLnew(0, TYPE_oid, gi.count * 2, TRANSIENT);
      64             : 
      65        2388 :         if (r == NULL) {
      66           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&gi);
      67           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
      68             :         }
      69        2388 :         BATiter ci = bat_iterator(cnts);
      70        2388 :         if (gi.type == TYPE_void) {
      71        1049 :                 oid id = gi.tseq;
      72        1049 :                 lng *cnt = (lng *) ci.base;
      73       96195 :                 for (j = 0; j < gi.count; j++) {
      74       95146 :                         lng i, sz = cnt[j];
      75      190236 :                         for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
      76       95090 :                                 if (BUNappend(r, &id, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
      77           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(r);
      78           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ci);
      79           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&gi);
      80           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
      81             :                                 }
      82             :                         }
      83       95146 :                         id ++;
      84             :                 }
      85             :         } else {
      86        1339 :                 oid *id = (oid *) gi.base;
      87        1339 :                 lng *cnt = (lng *) ci.base;
      88      140494 :                 for (j = 0; j < gi.count; j++) {
      89      139155 :                         lng i, sz = cnt[j];
      90      274814 :                         for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
      91      135659 :                                 if (BUNappend(r, id, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
      92           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(r);
      93           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ci);
      94           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&gi);
      95           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
      96             :                                 }
      97             :                         }
      98      139155 :                         id ++;
      99             :                 }
     100             :         }
     101        2388 :         bat_iterator_end(&ci);
     102        2388 :         r->tkey = false;
     103        2388 :         r->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     104        2388 :         r->tsorted = gi.sorted;
     105        2388 :         r->trevsorted = gi.revsorted;
     106        2388 :         r->tnonil = gi.nonil;
     107        2388 :         bat_iterator_end(&gi);
     108        2388 :         *result = r;
     109        2388 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     110             : }
     111             : 
     112             : 
     113             : static gdk_return
     114           6 : slice(BAT **retval, BAT *b, lng start, lng end)
     115             : {
     116             :         /* the internal BATslice requires exclusive end */
     117           6 :         if (start < 0) {
     118           0 :                 GDKerror("start position of slice should >= 0\n");
     119           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     120             :         }
     121           6 :         if (is_lng_nil(end))
     122           3 :                 end = BATcount(b);
     123             : 
     124           6 :         return (*retval = BATslice(b, (BUN) start, (BUN) end + 1)) ? GDK_SUCCEED : GDK_FAIL;
     125             : }
     126             : 
     127             : /*
     128             :  *
     129             :  * The remainder of this file contains the wrapper around the V4 code base
     130             :  * The BAT identifiers passed through this module may indicate
     131             :  * that the 'reverse' view applies. This should be taken into
     132             :  * account while resolving them.
     133             :  *
     134             :  * The sum aggregate only works for int and float fields.
     135             :  * The routines below assumes that the caller knows what type
     136             :  * is large enough to prevent overflow.
     137             :  */
     138             : 
     139             : static str
     140         722 : ALGminany_skipnil(ptr result, const bat *bid, const bit *skipnil)
     141             : {
     142         722 :         BAT *b;
     143         722 :         ptr p;
     144         722 :         str msg = MAL_SUCCEED;
     145             : 
     146         722 :         if (result == NULL || (b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
     147           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.min", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     148             : 
     149         722 :         if (!ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
     150           0 :                 msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.min",
     151             :                                                           "atom '%s' cannot be ordered linearly",
     152             :                                                           ATOMname(b->ttype));
     153             :         } else {
     154         722 :                 if (ATOMextern(b->ttype)) {
     155          34 :                         *(ptr *) result = p = BATmin_skipnil(b, NULL, *skipnil);
     156             :                 } else {
     157         688 :                         p = BATmin_skipnil(b, result, *skipnil);
     158         688 :                         if (p != result)
     159           0 :                                 msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.min",
     160             :                                                                           SQLSTATE(HY002) "INTERNAL ERROR");
     161             :                 }
     162         722 :                 if (msg == MAL_SUCCEED && p == NULL)
     163           0 :                         msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.min", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     164             :         }
     165         722 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     166         722 :         return msg;
     167             : }
     168             : 
     169             : static str
     170         722 : ALGminany(ptr result, const bat *bid)
     171             : {
     172         722 :         bit skipnil = TRUE;
     173         722 :         return ALGminany_skipnil(result, bid, &skipnil);
     174             : }
     175             : 
     176             : static str
     177         480 : ALGmaxany_skipnil(ptr result, const bat *bid, const bit *skipnil)
     178             : {
     179         480 :         BAT *b;
     180         480 :         ptr p;
     181         480 :         str msg = MAL_SUCCEED;
     182             : 
     183         480 :         if (result == NULL || (b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
     184           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.max", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     185             : 
     186         480 :         if (!ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
     187           0 :                 msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.max",
     188             :                                                           "atom '%s' cannot be ordered linearly",
     189             :                                                           ATOMname(b->ttype));
     190             :         } else {
     191         480 :                 if (ATOMextern(b->ttype)) {
     192          48 :                         *(ptr *) result = p = BATmax_skipnil(b, NULL, *skipnil);
     193             :                 } else {
     194         432 :                         p = BATmax_skipnil(b, result, *skipnil);
     195         432 :                         if (p != result)
     196           0 :                                 msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.max",
     197             :                                                                           SQLSTATE(HY002) "INTERNAL ERROR");
     198             :                 }
     199         480 :                 if (msg == MAL_SUCCEED && p == NULL)
     200           0 :                         msg = createException(MAL, "algebra.max", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     201             :         }
     202         480 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     203         480 :         return msg;
     204             : }
     205             : 
     206             : static str
     207         480 : ALGmaxany(ptr result, const bat *bid)
     208             : {
     209         480 :         bit skipnil = TRUE;
     210         480 :         return ALGmaxany_skipnil(result, bid, &skipnil);
     211             : }
     212             : 
     213             : static str
     214        2388 : ALGgroupby(bat *res, const bat *gids, const bat *cnts)
     215             : {
     216        2388 :         BAT *bn, *g, *c;
     217             : 
     218        2388 :         g = BATdescriptor(*gids);
     219        2388 :         if (g == NULL) {
     220           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.groupby", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     221             :         }
     222        2388 :         c = BATdescriptor(*cnts);
     223        2388 :         if (c == NULL) {
     224           0 :                 BBPunfix(g->batCacheid);
     225           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.groupby", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     226             :         }
     227        2388 :         if (CMDgen_group(&bn, g, c) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     228           0 :                 BBPunfix(g->batCacheid);
     229           0 :                 BBPunfix(c->batCacheid);
     230           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.groupby", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     231             :         }
     232        2388 :         *res = bn->batCacheid;
     233        2388 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
     234        2388 :         BBPunfix(g->batCacheid);
     235        2388 :         BBPunfix(c->batCacheid);
     236        2388 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     237             : }
     238             : 
     239             : static str
     240           1 : ALGcard(lng *result, const bat *bid)
     241             : {
     242           1 :         BAT *b, *en;
     243             : 
     244           1 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
     245           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.card", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     246             :         }
     247           1 :         en = BATunique(b, NULL);
     248           1 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     249           1 :         if (en == NULL) {
     250           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.card", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     251             :         }
     252           1 :         struct canditer ci;
     253           1 :         canditer_init(&ci, NULL, en);
     254           1 :         *result = (lng) ci.ncand;
     255           1 :         BBPunfix(en->batCacheid);
     256           1 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     257             : }
     258             : 
     259             : static str
     260       69440 : ALGselect2nil(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *sid, const void *low,
     261             :                           const void *high, const bit *li, const bit *hi, const bit *anti,
     262             :                           const bit *unknown)
     263             : {
     264       69440 :         BAT *b, *s = NULL, *bn;
     265             : 
     266       69440 :         if ((*li != 0 && *li != 1) ||
     267       69440 :                 (*hi != 0 && *hi != 1) || (*anti != 0 && *anti != 1)) {
     268           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.select", ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     269             :         }
     270             : 
     271       69440 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
     272           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.select", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     273             :         }
     274       69438 :         if (sid && !is_bat_nil(*sid) && (s = BATdescriptor(*sid)) == NULL) {
     275           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     276           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.select", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     277             :         }
     278       69439 :         derefStr(b, low);
     279       69439 :         derefStr(b, high);
     280             : 
     281       69439 :         bool nanti = *anti, nli = *li, nhi = *hi;
     282             : 
     283             :         /* here we don't need open ended parts with nil */
     284       69439 :         if (!nanti && *unknown) {
     285         882 :                 const void *nilptr = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
     286         882 :                 if (nilptr) {
     287         882 :                         if (nli && ATOMcmp(b->ttype, low, nilptr) == 0) {
     288          16 :                                 low = high;
     289          16 :                                 nli = false;
     290             :                         }
     291         883 :                         if (nhi && ATOMcmp(b->ttype, high, nilptr) == 0) {
     292          18 :                                 high = low;
     293          18 :                                 nhi = false;
     294             :                         }
     295         882 :                         if (ATOMcmp(b->ttype, low, high) == 0 && ATOMcmp(b->ttype, high, nilptr) == 0)    /* ugh sql nil != nil */
     296          11 :                                 nanti = true;
     297             :                 }
     298       68557 :         } else if (!*unknown) {
     299       65476 :                 const void *nilptr = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
     300      130800 :                 if (nli && nhi && nilptr != NULL &&
     301       65347 :                         ATOMcmp(b->ttype, low, nilptr) == 0 &&
     302          24 :                         ATOMcmp(b->ttype, high, nilptr) == 0) {
     303             :                         /* special case: equi-select for NIL */
     304       69441 :                         high = NULL;
     305             :                 }
     306             :         }
     307             : 
     308       69441 :         bn = BATselect(b, s, low, high, nli, nhi, nanti, false);
     309       69437 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     310       69424 :         BBPreclaim(s);
     311       69425 :         if (bn == NULL)
     312           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.select", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     313       69425 :         *result = bn->batCacheid;
     314       69425 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
     315       69425 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     316             : }
     317             : 
     318             : static str
     319       20753 : ALGselect2(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *sid, const void *low,
     320             :                    const void *high, const bit *li, const bit *hi, const bit *anti)
     321             : {
     322       20753 :         return ALGselect2nil(result, bid, sid, low, high, li, hi, anti, &(bit){0});
     323             : }
     324             : 
     325             : static str
     326       44726 : ALGselect1(bat *result, const bat *bid, const void *low, const void *high,
     327             :                    const bit *li, const bit *hi, const bit *anti)
     328             : {
     329       44726 :         return ALGselect2nil(result, bid, NULL, low, high, li, hi, anti, &(bit){0});
     330             : }
     331             : 
     332             : static str
     333         272 : ALGselect1nil(bat *result, const bat *bid, const void *low, const void *high,
     334             :                           const bit *li, const bit *hi, const bit *anti, const bit *unknown)
     335             : {
     336         272 :         return ALGselect2nil(result, bid, NULL, low, high, li, hi, anti, unknown);
     337             : }
     338             : 
     339             : static str
     340      360599 : ALGthetaselect2(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *sid, const void *val,
     341             :                                 const char **op)
     342             : {
     343      360599 :         BAT *b, *s = NULL, *bn;
     344             : 
     345      360599 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
     346           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.thetaselect",
     347             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     348             :         }
     349      360587 :         if (sid && !is_bat_nil(*sid) && (s = BATdescriptor(*sid)) == NULL) {
     350           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     351           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.thetaselect",
     352             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     353             :         }
     354      360585 :         derefStr(b, val);
     355      360585 :         bn = BATthetaselect(b, s, val, *op);
     356      360579 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     357      360545 :         BBPreclaim(s);
     358      360523 :         if (bn == NULL)
     359           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.select", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     360      360523 :         *result = bn->batCacheid;
     361      360523 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
     362      360523 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     363             : }
     364             : 
     365             : static str
     366         396 : ALGmarkselect(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *gid, const bat *mid, const bat *pid, const bit *Any)
     367             : {
     368         396 :         BAT *g = BATdescriptor(*gid); /* oid */
     369         396 :         BAT *m = BATdescriptor(*mid); /* bit, true: match, false: empty set, nil: nil on left */
     370         396 :         BAT *p = BATdescriptor(*pid); /* bit */
     371         396 :         BAT *res1 = NULL, *res2 = NULL;
     372         396 :         bit any = *Any; /* any or normal comparison semantics */
     373             : 
     374         396 :         if (!g || !m || !p) {
     375           0 :                 if (g) BBPreclaim(g);
     376           0 :                 if (m) BBPreclaim(m);
     377           0 :                 if (p) BBPreclaim(p);
     378           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.markselect", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     379             :         }
     380         396 :         BUN nr = BATcount(g), q = 0;
     381             : 
     382         396 :         if ((res1 = COLnew(0, TYPE_oid, nr, TRANSIENT)) == NULL || (res2 = COLnew(0, TYPE_bit, nr, TRANSIENT)) == NULL) {
     383             :                 BBPreclaim(g);
     384           0 :                 BBPreclaim(m);
     385           0 :                 BBPreclaim(p);
     386           0 :                 if (res1) BBPreclaim(res1);
     387           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.markselect", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     388             :         }
     389         396 :         assert(g->tsorted);
     390         396 :         oid *ri1 = Tloc(res1, 0);
     391         396 :         bit *ri2 = Tloc(res2, 0);
     392         396 :         bit *mi = Tloc(m, 0);
     393         396 :         bit *pi = Tloc(p, 0);
     394         396 :         oid cur = oid_nil;
     395             : 
     396         396 :         if (g->ttype == TYPE_void) { /* void case ? */
     397          31 :                 oid c = g->hseqbase;
     398         127 :                 for (BUN n = 0; n < nr; n++, c++) {
     399          96 :                         ri1[q] = c;
     400          96 :                         ri2[q] = FALSE;
     401          96 :                         if (pi[n] == TRUE && mi[n] == TRUE)
     402           7 :                                 ri2[q] = TRUE;
     403          89 :                         else if ((mi[n] == bit_nil && pi[n] != bit_nil && !any) || (mi[n] != FALSE && pi[n] == bit_nil && any))
     404           7 :                                 ri2[q] = bit_nil;
     405          96 :                         q++;
     406             :                 }
     407             :         } else {
     408         365 :                 oid *gi = Tloc(g, 0);
     409         365 :                 oid c = g->hseqbase;
     410         365 :                 if (nr)
     411         365 :                         cur = gi[0];
     412             :                 bit m = FALSE;
     413             :                 bool has_nil = false;
     414      332661 :                 for (BUN n = 0; n < nr; n++, c++) {
     415      332296 :                         if (c && cur != gi[n]) {
     416       57735 :                                 ri1[q] = c-1;
     417       57735 :                                 ri2[q] = (m == TRUE)?TRUE:(has_nil)?bit_nil:FALSE;
     418       57735 :                                 q++;
     419       57735 :                                 cur = gi[n];
     420       57735 :                                 m = FALSE;
     421       57735 :                                 has_nil = false;
     422             :                         }
     423      332296 :                         if (m == TRUE)
     424      191843 :                                 continue;
     425             : 
     426      140453 :                         if (pi[n] == TRUE && mi[n] == TRUE)
     427             :                                 m = TRUE;
     428      133526 :                         else if ((mi[n] == bit_nil && pi[n] != bit_nil && !any) || (mi[n] != FALSE && pi[n] == bit_nil && any))
     429      332296 :                                 has_nil = true;
     430             :                 }
     431         365 :                 if (nr) {
     432         365 :                         ri1[q] = c-1;
     433         365 :                         ri2[q] = (m == TRUE)?TRUE:(has_nil)?bit_nil:FALSE;
     434             :                 }
     435         365 :                 q++;
     436             :         }
     437         396 :         BATsetcount(res1, q);
     438         396 :         BATsetcount(res2, q);
     439         396 :         res1->tsorted = true;
     440         396 :         res1->tkey = true;
     441         396 :         res1->trevsorted = false;
     442         396 :         res2->tsorted = false;
     443         396 :         res2->trevsorted = false;
     444         396 :         res1->tnil = false;
     445         396 :         res1->tnonil = true;
     446         396 :         res2->tnonil = false;
     447         396 :         res2->tkey = false;
     448             : 
     449         396 :         BBPreclaim(g);
     450         396 :         BBPreclaim(m);
     451         396 :         BBPreclaim(p);
     452             : 
     453         396 :         BBPkeepref(res1);
     454         396 :         BBPkeepref(res2);
     455         396 :         *r1 = res1->batCacheid;
     456         396 :         *r2 = res2->batCacheid;
     457         396 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     458             : }
     459             : 
     460             : static str
     461          38 : ALGouterselect(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *gid, const bat *mid, const bat *pid, const bit *Any)
     462             : {
     463          38 :         BAT *g = BATdescriptor(*gid); /* oid */
     464          38 :         BAT *m = BATdescriptor(*mid); /* bit, true: match, false: empty set, nil: nil on left */
     465          38 :         BAT *p = BATdescriptor(*pid); /* bit */
     466          38 :         BAT *res1 = NULL, *res2 = NULL;
     467          38 :         bit any = *Any; /* any or normal comparison semantics */
     468             : 
     469          38 :         if (!g || !m || !p) {
     470           0 :                 if (g) BBPreclaim(g);
     471           0 :                 if (m) BBPreclaim(m);
     472           0 :                 if (p) BBPreclaim(p);
     473           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.outerselect", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     474             :         }
     475          38 :         BUN nr = BATcount(g), q = 0;
     476             : 
     477          38 :         if ((res1 = COLnew(0, TYPE_oid, nr, TRANSIENT)) == NULL || (res2 = COLnew(0, TYPE_bit, nr, TRANSIENT)) == NULL) {
     478             :                 BBPreclaim(g);
     479           0 :                 BBPreclaim(m);
     480           0 :                 BBPreclaim(p);
     481           0 :                 if (res1) BBPreclaim(res1);
     482           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.outerselect", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     483             :         }
     484          38 :         assert(g->tsorted);
     485          38 :         oid *ri1 = Tloc(res1, 0);
     486          38 :         bit *ri2 = Tloc(res2, 0);
     487          38 :         bit *mi = Tloc(m, 0);
     488          38 :         bit *pi = Tloc(p, 0);
     489          38 :         oid cur = oid_nil;
     490             : 
     491          38 :         if (g->ttype == TYPE_void) { /* void case ? */
     492          12 :                 oid c = g->hseqbase;
     493         101 :                 for (BUN n = 0; n < nr; n++, c++) {
     494          89 :                         ri1[q] = c;
     495         161 :                         ri2[q] = (any && (mi[n] == bit_nil || pi[n] == bit_nil))?bit_nil:(mi[n] == TRUE && pi[n] == TRUE)?TRUE:FALSE;
     496          89 :                         q++;
     497             :                 }
     498             :         } else {
     499          26 :                 oid *gi = Tloc(g, 0);
     500          26 :                 oid c = g->hseqbase;
     501          26 :                 if (nr)
     502          26 :                         cur = gi[0];
     503             :                 bool used = false;
     504         602 :                 for (BUN n = 0; n < nr; n++, c++) {
     505         576 :                         if (c && cur != gi[n]) {
     506         159 :                                 if (!used) {
     507           3 :                                         ri1[q] = c-1;
     508           3 :                                         ri2[q] = false;
     509           3 :                                         q++;
     510             :                                 }
     511         159 :                                 used = false;
     512         159 :                                 cur = gi[n];
     513             :                         }
     514         576 :                         if (mi[n] == TRUE && pi[n] == TRUE) {
     515         322 :                                 ri1[q] = c;
     516         322 :                                 ri2[q] = TRUE;
     517         322 :                                 used = true;
     518         322 :                                 q++;
     519         254 :                         } else if (mi[n] == FALSE) { /* empty */
     520          55 :                                 ri1[q] = c;
     521          55 :                                 ri2[q] = FALSE;
     522          55 :                                 used = true;
     523          55 :                                 q++;
     524         199 :                         } else if (any && (mi[n] == bit_nil /* ie has nil */ || pi[n] == bit_nil)) {
     525           6 :                                 ri1[q] = c;
     526           6 :                                 ri2[q] = bit_nil;
     527           6 :                                 used = true;
     528           6 :                                 q++;
     529             :                         }
     530             :                 }
     531          26 :                 if (nr && !used) {
     532           1 :                         ri1[q] = c-1;
     533           1 :                         ri2[q] = FALSE;
     534           1 :                         q++;
     535             :                 }
     536             :         }
     537          38 :         BATsetcount(res1, q);
     538          38 :         BATsetcount(res2, q);
     539          38 :         res1->tsorted = true;
     540          38 :         res1->tkey = true;
     541          38 :         res1->trevsorted = false;
     542          38 :         res2->tsorted = false;
     543          38 :         res2->trevsorted = false;
     544          38 :         res1->tnil = false;
     545          38 :         res1->tnonil = true;
     546          38 :         res2->tnonil = false;
     547          38 :         res2->tkey = false;
     548             : 
     549          38 :         BBPreclaim(g);
     550          38 :         BBPreclaim(m);
     551          38 :         BBPreclaim(p);
     552             : 
     553          38 :         BBPkeepref(res1);
     554          38 :         BBPkeepref(res2);
     555          38 :         *r1 = res1->batCacheid;
     556          38 :         *r2 = res2->batCacheid;
     557          38 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     558             : }
     559             : 
     560             : 
     561             : static str
     562        1587 : ALGselectNotNil(bat *result, const bat *bid)
     563             : {
     564        1587 :         BAT *b;
     565             : 
     566        1587 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
     567           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.selectNotNil",
     568             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     569             : 
     570        1587 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     571        1587 :         bool bnonil = b->tnonil || b->ttype == TYPE_msk;
     572        1587 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     573        1587 :         if (!bnonil) {
     574          97 :                 BAT *s;
     575          97 :                 s = BATselect(b, NULL, ATOMnilptr(b->ttype), NULL, true, true, true, false);
     576          97 :                 if (s) {
     577          97 :                         BAT *bn = BATproject(s, b);
     578          97 :                         BBPunfix(s->batCacheid);
     579          97 :                         if (bn) {
     580          97 :                                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     581          97 :                                 *result = bn->batCacheid;
     582          97 :                                 BBPkeepref(bn);
     583          97 :                                 return MAL_SUCCEED;
     584             :                         }
     585             :                 }
     586           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     587           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.selectNotNil", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     588             :         }
     589             :         /* just pass on the result */
     590        1490 :         *result = b->batCacheid;
     591        1490 :         BBPkeepref(b);
     592        1490 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     593             : }
     594             : 
     595             : static str
     596      342191 : do_join(bat *r1, bat *r2, bat *r3, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *r2id, const bat *slid, const bat *srid, int op, const void *c1, const void *c2, bool li, bool hi, bool anti, bool symmetric,      /* these two only for rangejoin */
     597             :                 const bit *nil_matches, const bit *not_in, const bit *max_one,
     598             :                 const lng *estimate,
     599             :                 gdk_return (*joinfunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *,
     600             :                                                            bool, BUN),
     601             :                 gdk_return (*semifunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *,
     602             :                                                           bool, bool, BUN),
     603             :                 gdk_return (*markfunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT **,
     604             :                                                            BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BUN),
     605             :                 gdk_return (*thetafunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *,
     606             :                                                            int, bool, BUN),
     607             :                 gdk_return (*bandfunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *,
     608             :                                                           const void *, const void *, bool, bool, BUN),
     609             :                 gdk_return (*rangefunc)(BAT **, BAT **, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *,
     610             :                                                            BAT *, BAT *, bool, bool, bool, bool, BUN),
     611             :                 BAT * (*difffunc)(BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, bool, bool, BUN),
     612             :                 BAT * (*interfunc)(BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, BAT *, bool, bool, BUN),
     613             :                 const char *funcname)
     614             : {
     615      342191 :         BAT *left = NULL, *right = NULL, *right2 = NULL;
     616      342191 :         BAT *candleft = NULL, *candright = NULL;
     617      342191 :         BAT *result1 = NULL, *result2 = NULL, *result3 = NULL;
     618      342191 :         BUN est;
     619      342191 :         const char *err = SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING;
     620             : 
     621      342191 :         assert(r2id == NULL || rangefunc != NULL);
     622             : 
     623      342191 :         if ((left = BATdescriptor(*lid)) == NULL)
     624           0 :                 goto fail;
     625      342178 :         if ((right = BATdescriptor(*rid)) == NULL)
     626           0 :                 goto fail;
     627      342174 :         if (slid && !is_bat_nil(*slid) && (candleft = BATdescriptor(*slid)) == NULL)
     628           0 :                 goto fail;
     629      342174 :         if (srid && !is_bat_nil(*srid)
     630           0 :                 && (candright = BATdescriptor(*srid)) == NULL)
     631           0 :                 goto fail;
     632      342174 :         if (estimate == NULL || *estimate < 0 || is_lng_nil(*estimate)
     633           0 :                 || *estimate > (lng) BUN_MAX)
     634             :                 est = BUN_NONE;
     635             :         else
     636           0 :                 est = (BUN) *estimate;
     637             : 
     638      342174 :         err = NULL;                                     /* most likely error now is GDK_EXCEPTION */
     639             : 
     640      342174 :         if (thetafunc) {
     641       16833 :                 assert(joinfunc == NULL);
     642       16833 :                 assert(semifunc == NULL);
     643       16833 :                 assert(markfunc == NULL);
     644       16833 :                 assert(bandfunc == NULL);
     645       16833 :                 assert(rangefunc == NULL);
     646       16833 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     647       16833 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     648       16833 :                 if ((*thetafunc)
     649             :                         (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, left, right, candleft, candright,
     650       16833 :                          op, *nil_matches, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     651           0 :                         goto fail;
     652      325341 :         } else if (joinfunc) {
     653      217281 :                 assert(semifunc == NULL);
     654      217281 :                 assert(markfunc == NULL);
     655      217281 :                 assert(bandfunc == NULL);
     656      217281 :                 assert(rangefunc == NULL);
     657      217281 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     658      217281 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     659      217281 :                 if ((*joinfunc)
     660             :                         (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, left, right, candleft, candright,
     661      217281 :                          *nil_matches, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     662           1 :                         goto fail;
     663      108060 :         } else if (semifunc) {
     664         332 :                 assert(markfunc == NULL);
     665         332 :                 assert(bandfunc == NULL);
     666         332 :                 assert(rangefunc == NULL);
     667         332 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     668         332 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     669         332 :                 if ((*semifunc)
     670             :                         (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, left, right, candleft, candright,
     671         332 :                          *nil_matches, *max_one, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     672          42 :                         goto fail;
     673      107728 :         } else if (markfunc) {
     674        9650 :                 assert(bandfunc == NULL);
     675        9650 :                 assert(rangefunc == NULL);
     676        9650 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     677        9650 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     678       19295 :                 if ((*markfunc) (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, &result3,
     679             :                                                  left, right, candleft, candright, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     680           0 :                         goto fail;
     681       98078 :         } else if (bandfunc) {
     682           0 :                 assert(rangefunc == NULL);
     683           0 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     684           0 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     685           0 :                 if ((*bandfunc)
     686             :                         (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, left, right, candleft, candright,
     687             :                          c1, c2, li, hi, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     688           0 :                         goto fail;
     689       98078 :         } else if (rangefunc) {
     690         125 :                 assert(difffunc == NULL);
     691         125 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     692         125 :                 if ((right2 = BATdescriptor(*r2id)) == NULL) {
     693           0 :                         err = SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING;
     694           0 :                         goto fail;
     695             :                 }
     696         148 :                 if ((*rangefunc)
     697             :                         (&result1, r2 ? &result2 : NULL, left, right, right2, candleft,
     698             :                          candright, li, hi, anti, symmetric, est) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     699           0 :                         goto fail;
     700         125 :                 BBPunfix(right2->batCacheid);
     701       97953 :         } else if (difffunc) {
     702       92023 :                 assert(r2 == NULL);
     703       92023 :                 assert(interfunc == NULL);
     704       92026 :                 if ((result1 = (*difffunc) (left, right, candleft, candright,
     705       92023 :                                                                         *nil_matches, *not_in, est)) == NULL)
     706           0 :                         goto fail;
     707             :         } else {
     708        5930 :                 assert(r2 == NULL);
     709        5930 :                 if ((result1 = (*interfunc) (left, right, candleft, candright,
     710        5930 :                                                                          *nil_matches, *max_one, est)) == NULL)
     711           1 :                         goto fail;
     712             :         }
     713      342088 :         *r1 = result1->batCacheid;
     714      342088 :         BBPkeepref(result1);
     715      341962 :         if (r2) {
     716      195409 :                 *r2 = result2->batCacheid;
     717      195409 :                 BBPkeepref(result2);
     718             :         }
     719      341834 :         if (r3) {
     720        9646 :                 *r3 = result3->batCacheid;
     721        9646 :                 BBPkeepref(result3);
     722             :         }
     723      341832 :         BBPunfix(left->batCacheid);
     724      341938 :         BBPunfix(right->batCacheid);
     725      341999 :         BBPreclaim(candleft);
     726      342001 :         BBPreclaim(candright);
     727             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     728             : 
     729          44 :   fail:
     730          44 :         BBPreclaim(left);
     731          44 :         BBPreclaim(right);
     732          44 :         BBPreclaim(right2);
     733          44 :         BBPreclaim(candleft);
     734          44 :         BBPreclaim(candright);
     735          44 :         if (err == NULL)
     736          44 :                 throw(MAL, funcname, GDK_EXCEPTION);
     737           0 :         throw(MAL, funcname, "%s", err);
     738             : }
     739             : 
     740             : static str
     741      190211 : ALGjoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     742             :                 const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const lng *estimate)
     743             : {
     744      190211 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     745             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     746             :                                    estimate, BATjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     747             :                                    "algebra.join");
     748             : }
     749             : 
     750             : static str
     751       26436 : ALGjoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     752             :                  const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const lng *estimate)
     753             : {
     754       26436 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     755             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     756             :                                    estimate, BATjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     757             :                                    "algebra.join");
     758             : }
     759             : 
     760             : static str
     761         645 : ALGleftjoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     762             :                         const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const lng *estimate)
     763             : {
     764         645 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     765             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     766             :                                    estimate, BATleftjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     767             :                                    "algebra.leftjoin");
     768             : }
     769             : 
     770             : static str
     771           0 : ALGleftjoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     772             :                          const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const lng *estimate)
     773             : {
     774           0 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     775             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     776             :                                    estimate, BATleftjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     777             :                                    "algebra.leftjoin");
     778             : }
     779             : 
     780             : static str
     781         123 : ALGouterjoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     782             :                          const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const bit *match_one,
     783             :                          const lng *estimate)
     784             : {
     785         123 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     786             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, match_one,
     787             :                                    estimate, NULL, BATouterjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     788             :                                    "algebra.outerjoin");
     789             : }
     790             : 
     791             : static str
     792           0 : ALGouterjoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     793             :                           const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const bit *match_one,
     794             :                           const lng *estimate)
     795             : {
     796           0 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     797             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, match_one,
     798             :                                    estimate, NULL, BATouterjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     799             :                                    "algebra.outerjoin");
     800             : }
     801             : 
     802             : static str
     803         209 : ALGsemijoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     804             :                         const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const bit *max_one,
     805             :                         const lng *estimate)
     806             : {
     807         209 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     808             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, max_one,
     809             :                                    estimate, NULL, BATsemijoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     810             :                                    "algebra.semijoin");
     811             : }
     812             : 
     813             : static str
     814        9645 : ALGmark2join(bat *r1, bat *r3, const bat *lid, const bat *rid,
     815             :                          const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const lng *estimate)
     816             : {
     817        9645 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, r3, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     818             :                                    false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     819             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, BATmarkjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     820             :                                    "algebra.markjoin");
     821             : }
     822             : 
     823             : static str
     824           5 : ALGmark3join(bat *r1, bat *r2, bat *r3, const bat *lid, const bat *rid,
     825             :                          const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const lng *estimate)
     826             : {
     827           5 :         return do_join(r1, r2, r3, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     828             :                                    false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     829             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, BATmarkjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     830             :                                    "algebra.markjoin");
     831             : }
     832             : 
     833             : static str
     834        4299 : ALGthetajoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     835             :                          const bat *srid, const int *op, const bit *nil_matches,
     836             :                          const lng *estimate)
     837             : {
     838        4299 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, *op, NULL, NULL,
     839             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     840             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATthetajoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     841             :                                    "algebra.thetajoin");
     842             : }
     843             : 
     844             : static str
     845       12538 : ALGthetajoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     846             :                           const bat *srid, const int *op, const bit *nil_matches,
     847             :                           const lng *estimate)
     848             : {
     849       12538 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, *op, NULL, NULL,
     850             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, NULL,
     851             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATthetajoin, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     852             :                                    "algebra.thetajoin");
     853             : }
     854             : 
     855             : static str
     856           0 : ALGbandjoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     857             :                         const bat *srid, const void *c1, const void *c2, const bit *li,
     858             :                         const bit *hi, const lng *estimate)
     859             : {
     860           0 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, c1, c2,
     861           0 :                                    *li, *hi, false, false, NULL, NULL, NULL, estimate,
     862             :                                    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATbandjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     863             :                                    "algebra.bandjoin");
     864             : }
     865             : 
     866             : static str
     867           0 : ALGbandjoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     868             :                          const bat *srid, const void *c1, const void *c2, const bit *li,
     869             :                          const bit *hi, const lng *estimate)
     870             : {
     871           0 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, c1, c2,
     872           0 :                                    *li, *hi, false, false, NULL, NULL, NULL, estimate,
     873             :                                    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATbandjoin, NULL, NULL, NULL,
     874             :                                    "algebra.bandjoin");
     875             : }
     876             : 
     877             : static str
     878         102 : ALGrangejoin(bat *r1, bat *r2, const bat *lid, const bat *rlid, const bat *rhid,
     879             :                          const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const bit *li, const bit *hi,
     880             :                          const bit *anti, const bit *symmetric, const lng *estimate)
     881             : {
     882         204 :         return do_join(r1, r2, NULL, lid, rlid, rhid, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     883         102 :                                    *li, *hi, *anti, *symmetric, NULL, NULL, NULL, estimate,
     884             :                                    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATrangejoin, NULL, NULL,
     885             :                                    "algebra.rangejoin");
     886             : }
     887             : 
     888             : static str
     889          23 : ALGrangejoin1(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rlid, const bat *rhid,
     890             :                           const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const bit *li, const bit *hi,
     891             :                           const bit *anti, const bit *symmetric, const lng *estimate)
     892             : {
     893          46 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rlid, rhid, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     894          23 :                                    *li, *hi, *anti, *symmetric, NULL, NULL, NULL, estimate,
     895             :                                    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATrangejoin, NULL, NULL,
     896             :                                    "algebra.rangejoin");
     897             : }
     898             : 
     899             : static str
     900       92029 : ALGdifference(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     901             :                           const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const bit *not_in,
     902             :                           const lng *estimate)
     903             : {
     904       92029 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     905             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, not_in, NULL,
     906             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATdiff, NULL,
     907             :                                    "algebra.difference");
     908             : }
     909             : 
     910             : static str
     911        5930 : ALGintersect(bat *r1, const bat *lid, const bat *rid, const bat *slid,
     912             :                          const bat *srid, const bit *nil_matches, const bit *max_one,
     913             :                          const lng *estimate)
     914             : {
     915        5930 :         return do_join(r1, NULL, NULL, lid, rid, NULL, slid, srid, 0, NULL, NULL,
     916             :                                    false, false, false, false, nil_matches, NULL, max_one,
     917             :                                    estimate, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, BATintersect,
     918             :                                    "algebra.intersect");
     919             : }
     920             : 
     921             : /* algebra.firstn(b:bat[:any],
     922             :  *                [ s:bat[:oid],
     923             :  *                [ g:bat[:oid], ] ]
     924             :  *                n:lng,
     925             :  *                asc:bit,
     926             :  *                nilslast:bit,
     927             :  *                distinct:bit)
     928             :  * returns :bat[:oid] [ , :bat[:oid] ]
     929             :  */
     930             : static str
     931        1217 : ALGfirstn(Client cntxt, MalBlkPtr mb, MalStkPtr stk, InstrPtr pci)
     932             : {
     933        1217 :         bat *ret1, *ret2 = NULL;
     934        1217 :         bat bid, sid, gid;
     935        1217 :         BAT *b, *s = NULL, *g = NULL;
     936        1217 :         BAT *bn = NULL, *gn = NULL;
     937        1217 :         lng n;
     938        1217 :         bit asc, nilslast, distinct;
     939        1217 :         gdk_return rc;
     940             : 
     941        1217 :         (void) cntxt;
     942        1217 :         (void) mb;
     943             : 
     944        1217 :         assert(pci->retc == 1 || pci->retc == 2);
     945        1217 :         assert(pci->argc - pci->retc >= 5 && pci->argc - pci->retc <= 7);
     946             : 
     947        1217 :         n = *getArgReference_lng(stk, pci, pci->argc - 4);
     948        1217 :         if (n < 0)
     949           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.firstn", ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     950        1217 :         if (n > (lng) BUN_MAX)
     951             :                 n = BUN_MAX;
     952        1217 :         ret1 = getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, 0);
     953        1217 :         if (pci->retc == 2)
     954         462 :                 ret2 = getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, 1);
     955        1217 :         bid = *getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, pci->retc);
     956        1217 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(bid)) == NULL)
     957           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.firstn", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     958        1217 :         if (pci->argc - pci->retc > 5) {
     959        1217 :                 sid = *getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, pci->retc + 1);
     960        1217 :                 if (!is_bat_nil(sid) && (s = BATdescriptor(sid)) == NULL) {
     961           0 :                         BBPunfix(bid);
     962           0 :                         throw(MAL, "algebra.firstn",
     963             :                                   SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     964             :                 }
     965        1217 :                 if (pci->argc - pci->retc > 6) {
     966        1217 :                         gid = *getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, pci->retc + 2);
     967        1217 :                         if (!is_bat_nil(gid) && (g = BATdescriptor(gid)) == NULL) {
     968           0 :                                 BBPunfix(bid);
     969           0 :                                 BBPunfix(sid);
     970           0 :                                 throw(MAL, "algebra.firstn",
     971             :                                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
     972             :                         }
     973             :                 }
     974             :         }
     975        1217 :         asc = *getArgReference_bit(stk, pci, pci->argc - 3);
     976        1217 :         nilslast = *getArgReference_bit(stk, pci, pci->argc - 2);
     977        1217 :         distinct = *getArgReference_bit(stk, pci, pci->argc - 1);
     978        1972 :         rc = BATfirstn(&bn, ret2 ? &gn : NULL, b, s, g, (BUN) n, asc, nilslast,
     979             :                                    distinct);
     980        1217 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
     981        1215 :         BBPreclaim(s);
     982        1215 :         BBPreclaim(g);
     983        1215 :         if (rc != GDK_SUCCEED)
     984           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.firstn", GDK_EXCEPTION);
     985        1215 :         *ret1 = bn->batCacheid;
     986        1215 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
     987        1217 :         if (ret2) {
     988         462 :                 *ret2 = gn->batCacheid;
     989         462 :                 BBPkeepref(gn);
     990             :         }
     991             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
     992             : }
     993             : 
     994             : static str
     995           9 : ALGunary(bat *result, const bat *bid, BAT *(*func)(BAT *), const char *name)
     996             : {
     997           9 :         BAT *b, *bn;
     998             : 
     999           9 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1000           0 :                 throw(MAL, name, SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1001             :         }
    1002           9 :         bn = (*func) (b);
    1003           9 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1004           9 :         if (bn == NULL)
    1005           0 :                 throw(MAL, name, GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1006           9 :         *result = bn->batCacheid;
    1007           9 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
    1008           9 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1009             : }
    1010             : 
    1011             : static inline BAT *
    1012           9 : BATwcopy(BAT *b)
    1013             : {
    1014           9 :         return COLcopy(b, b->ttype, true, TRANSIENT);
    1015             : }
    1016             : 
    1017             : static str
    1018           9 : ALGcopy(bat *result, const bat *bid)
    1019             : {
    1020           9 :         return ALGunary(result, bid, BATwcopy, "algebra.copy");
    1021             : }
    1022             : 
    1023             : static str
    1024          74 : ALGunique(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *sid)
    1025             : {
    1026          74 :         BAT *b, *s = NULL, *bn = NULL;
    1027             : 
    1028          74 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1029           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.unique", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1030             :         }
    1031          74 :         if (sid && !is_bat_nil(*sid) && (s = BATdescriptor(*sid)) == NULL) {
    1032           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1033           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.unique", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1034             :         }
    1035          74 :         bn = BATunique(b, s);
    1036          74 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1037          74 :         BBPreclaim(s);
    1038          74 :         if (bn == NULL)
    1039           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.unique", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1040          74 :         *result = bn->batCacheid;
    1041          74 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
    1042          74 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1043             : }
    1044             : 
    1045             : static str
    1046       26751 : ALGcrossproduct(bat *l, bat *r, const bat *left, const bat *right,
    1047             :                                 const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const bit *max_one)
    1048             : {
    1049       26751 :         BAT *L, *R, *bn1, *bn2 = NULL;
    1050       26751 :         BAT *sl = NULL, *sr = NULL;
    1051       26751 :         gdk_return ret;
    1052             : 
    1053       26751 :         L = BATdescriptor(*left);
    1054       26752 :         R = BATdescriptor(*right);
    1055       26753 :         if (L == NULL || R == NULL) {
    1056           0 :                 BBPreclaim(L);
    1057           0 :                 BBPreclaim(R);
    1058           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct",
    1059             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1060             :         }
    1061       26753 :         if ((slid && !is_bat_nil(*slid) && (sl = BATdescriptor(*slid)) == NULL) ||
    1062           0 :                 (srid && !is_bat_nil(*srid) && (sr = BATdescriptor(*srid)) == NULL)) {
    1063           0 :                 BBPunfix(L->batCacheid);
    1064           0 :                 BBPunfix(R->batCacheid);
    1065           0 :                 BBPreclaim(sl);
    1066             :                 /* sr == NULL, so no need to unfix */
    1067           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct",
    1068             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1069             :         }
    1070       28142 :         ret = BATsubcross(&bn1, r ? &bn2 : NULL, L, R, sl, sr,
    1071       26753 :                                           max_one && !is_bit_nil(*max_one) && *max_one);
    1072       26749 :         BBPunfix(L->batCacheid);
    1073       26745 :         BBPunfix(R->batCacheid);
    1074       26750 :         BBPreclaim(sl);
    1075       26750 :         BBPreclaim(sr);
    1076       26750 :         if (ret != GDK_SUCCEED)
    1077          77 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1078       26673 :         *l = bn1->batCacheid;
    1079       26673 :         BBPkeepref(bn1);
    1080       26663 :         if (r) {
    1081       25281 :                 *r = bn2->batCacheid;
    1082       25281 :                 BBPkeepref(bn2);
    1083             :         }
    1084             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1085             : }
    1086             : 
    1087             : static str
    1088        1389 : ALGcrossproduct1(bat *l, const bat *left, const bat *right, const bit *max_one)
    1089             : {
    1090        1389 :         return ALGcrossproduct(l, NULL, left, right, NULL, NULL, max_one);
    1091             : }
    1092             : 
    1093             : static str
    1094       25363 : ALGcrossproduct2(bat *l, bat *r, const bat *left, const bat *right,
    1095             :                                  const bit *max_one)
    1096             : {
    1097       25363 :         return ALGcrossproduct(l, r, left, right, NULL, NULL, max_one);
    1098             : }
    1099             : 
    1100             : static str
    1101           0 : ALGcrossproduct3(bat *l, bat *r, const bat *left, const bat *right,
    1102             :                                  const bat *sl, const bat *sr, const bit *max_one)
    1103             : {
    1104           0 :         return ALGcrossproduct(l, r, left, right, sl, sr, max_one);
    1105             : }
    1106             : 
    1107             : static str
    1108           0 : ALGcrossproduct4(bat *l, const bat *left, const bat *right, const bat *sl,
    1109             :                                  const bat *sr, const bit *max_one)
    1110             : {
    1111           0 :         return ALGcrossproduct(l, NULL, left, right, sl, sr, max_one);
    1112             : }
    1113             : 
    1114             : static str
    1115         425 : ALGoutercrossproduct3(bat *l, bat *r, const bat *left, const bat *right, const bat *slid, const bat *srid, const bit *max_one)
    1116             : {
    1117         425 :         BAT *L, *R, *bn1, *bn2 = NULL;
    1118         425 :         BAT *sl = NULL, *sr = NULL;
    1119         425 :         gdk_return ret;
    1120             : 
    1121         425 :         L = BATdescriptor(*left);
    1122         425 :         R = BATdescriptor(*right);
    1123         425 :         if (L == NULL || R == NULL) {
    1124           0 :                 BBPreclaim(L);
    1125           0 :                 BBPreclaim(R);
    1126           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1127             :         }
    1128         425 :         if ((slid && !is_bat_nil(*slid) && (sl = BATdescriptor(*slid)) == NULL) ||
    1129         425 :                 (srid && !is_bat_nil(*srid) && (sr = BATdescriptor(*srid)) == NULL)) {
    1130           0 :                 BBPunfix(L->batCacheid);
    1131           0 :                 BBPunfix(R->batCacheid);
    1132           0 :                 BBPreclaim(sl);
    1133             :                 /* sr == NULL, so no need to unfix */
    1134           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1135             :         }
    1136         425 :         ret = BAToutercross(&bn1, r ? &bn2 : NULL, L, R, sl, sr,
    1137         425 :                                           max_one && !is_bit_nil(*max_one) && *max_one);
    1138         425 :         BBPunfix(L->batCacheid);
    1139         425 :         BBPunfix(R->batCacheid);
    1140         425 :         BBPreclaim(sl);
    1141         425 :         BBPreclaim(sr);
    1142         425 :         if (ret != GDK_SUCCEED)
    1143           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.crossproduct", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1144         425 :         *l = bn1->batCacheid;
    1145         425 :         BBPkeepref(bn1);
    1146         425 :         if (r) {
    1147         425 :                 *r = bn2->batCacheid;
    1148         425 :                 BBPkeepref(bn2);
    1149             :         }
    1150             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1151             : }
    1152             : 
    1153             : static str
    1154     1192654 : ALGprojection2(bat *result, const bat *lid, const bat *r1id, const bat *r2id)
    1155             : {
    1156     1192654 :         BAT *l, *r1, *r2 = NULL, *bn;
    1157             : 
    1158     1192654 :         if ((l = BATdescriptor(*lid)) == NULL) {
    1159           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.projection",
    1160             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1161             :         }
    1162     1192598 :         if ((r1 = BATdescriptor(*r1id)) == NULL) {
    1163           0 :                 BBPunfix(l->batCacheid);
    1164           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.projection",
    1165             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1166             :         }
    1167     1192503 :         if (r2id && !is_bat_nil(*r2id) && (r2 = BATdescriptor(*r2id)) == NULL) {
    1168           0 :                 BBPunfix(l->batCacheid);
    1169           0 :                 BBPunfix(r1->batCacheid);
    1170           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.projection",
    1171             :                           SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1172             :         }
    1173     1192503 :         bn = BATproject2(l, r1, r2);
    1174     1192044 :         BBPunfix(l->batCacheid);
    1175     1192180 :         BBPunfix(r1->batCacheid);
    1176     1191959 :         BBPreclaim(r2);
    1177     1191968 :         if (bn == NULL)
    1178           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.projection", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1179     1191968 :         *result = bn->batCacheid;
    1180     1191968 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
    1181     1191968 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1182             : }
    1183             : 
    1184             : str
    1185     1192660 : ALGprojection(bat *result, const bat *lid, const bat *rid)
    1186             : {
    1187     1192660 :         return ALGprojection2(result, lid, rid, NULL);
    1188             : }
    1189             : 
    1190             : static str
    1191       23994 : ALGsort33(bat *result, bat *norder, bat *ngroup, const bat *bid,
    1192             :                   const bat *order, const bat *group, const bit *reverse,
    1193             :                   const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1194             : {
    1195       23994 :         BAT *bn = NULL, *on = NULL, *gn = NULL;
    1196       23994 :         BAT *b = NULL, *o = NULL, *g = NULL;
    1197             : 
    1198       23994 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1199           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.sort", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1200       23994 :         if (order && !is_bat_nil(*order) && (o = BATdescriptor(*order)) == NULL) {
    1201           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1202           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.sort", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1203             :         }
    1204       23994 :         if (group &&!is_bat_nil(*group) && (g = BATdescriptor(*group)) == NULL) {
    1205           0 :                 BBPreclaim(o);
    1206           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1207           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.sort", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1208             :         }
    1209       27593 :         if (BATsort(result ? &bn : NULL,
    1210             :                                 norder ? &on : NULL,
    1211             :                                 ngroup ? &gn : NULL,
    1212       23994 :                                 b, o, g, *reverse, *nilslast, *stable) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1213           0 :                 BBPreclaim(o);
    1214           0 :                 BBPreclaim(g);
    1215           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1216           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.sort", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1217             :         }
    1218       23994 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1219       23994 :         BBPreclaim(o);
    1220       23994 :         BBPreclaim(g);
    1221       23994 :         if (result) {
    1222       23994 :                 *result = bn->batCacheid;
    1223       23994 :                 BBPkeepref(bn);
    1224             :         }
    1225       23994 :         if (norder) {
    1226       20395 :                 *norder = on->batCacheid;
    1227       20395 :                 BBPkeepref(on);
    1228             :         }
    1229       23994 :         if (ngroup) {
    1230       13572 :                 *ngroup = gn->batCacheid;
    1231       13572 :                 BBPkeepref(gn);
    1232             :         }
    1233             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1234             : }
    1235             : 
    1236             : static str
    1237        4099 : ALGsort32(bat *result, bat *norder, const bat *bid, const bat *order,
    1238             :                   const bat *group, const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast,
    1239             :                   const bit *stable)
    1240             : {
    1241        4099 :         return ALGsort33(result, norder, NULL, bid, order, group, reverse, nilslast,
    1242             :                                          stable);
    1243             : }
    1244             : 
    1245             : static str
    1246        1958 : ALGsort31(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *order, const bat *group,
    1247             :                   const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1248             : {
    1249        1958 :         return ALGsort33(result, NULL, NULL, bid, order, group, reverse, nilslast,
    1250             :                                          stable);
    1251             : }
    1252             : 
    1253             : static str
    1254           0 : ALGsort23(bat *result, bat *norder, bat *ngroup, const bat *bid,
    1255             :                   const bat *order, const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast,
    1256             :                   const bit *stable)
    1257             : {
    1258           0 :         return ALGsort33(result, norder, ngroup, bid, order, NULL, reverse,
    1259             :                                          nilslast, stable);
    1260             : }
    1261             : 
    1262             : static str
    1263           0 : ALGsort22(bat *result, bat *norder, const bat *bid, const bat *order,
    1264             :                   const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1265             : {
    1266           0 :         return ALGsort33(result, norder, NULL, bid, order, NULL, reverse, nilslast,
    1267             :                                          stable);
    1268             : }
    1269             : 
    1270             : static str
    1271           0 : ALGsort21(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bat *order, const bit *reverse,
    1272             :                   const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1273             : {
    1274           0 :         return ALGsort33(result, NULL, NULL, bid, order, NULL, reverse, nilslast,
    1275             :                                          stable);
    1276             : }
    1277             : 
    1278             : static str
    1279        6312 : ALGsort13(bat *result, bat *norder, bat *ngroup, const bat *bid,
    1280             :                   const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1281             : {
    1282        6312 :         return ALGsort33(result, norder, ngroup, bid, NULL, NULL, reverse, nilslast,
    1283             :                                          stable);
    1284             : }
    1285             : 
    1286             : static str
    1287        2724 : ALGsort12(bat *result, bat *norder, const bat *bid, const bit *reverse,
    1288             :                   const bit *nilslast, const bit *stable)
    1289             : {
    1290        2724 :         return ALGsort33(result, norder, NULL, bid, NULL, NULL, reverse, nilslast,
    1291             :                                          stable);
    1292             : }
    1293             : 
    1294             : static str
    1295        1641 : ALGsort11(bat *result, const bat *bid, const bit *reverse, const bit *nilslast,
    1296             :                   const bit *stable)
    1297             : {
    1298        1641 :         return ALGsort33(result, NULL, NULL, bid, NULL, NULL, reverse, nilslast,
    1299             :                                          stable);
    1300             : }
    1301             : 
    1302             : static str
    1303       69713 : ALGcountCND_nil(lng *result, const bat *bid, const bat *cnd,
    1304             :                                 const bit *ignore_nils)
    1305             : {
    1306       69713 :         BAT *b, *s = NULL;
    1307             : 
    1308       69713 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1309           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.count", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1310             :         }
    1311       69713 :         if (cnd && !is_bat_nil(*cnd) && (s = BATdescriptor(*cnd)) == NULL) {
    1312           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1313           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.count", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1314             :         }
    1315       69713 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_msk || mask_cand(b)) {
    1316          30 :                 BATsum(result, TYPE_lng, b, s, *ignore_nils, false);
    1317       69683 :         } else if (*ignore_nils) {
    1318        1723 :                 *result = (lng) BATcount_no_nil(b, s);
    1319             :         } else {
    1320       67960 :                 struct canditer ci;
    1321       67960 :                 canditer_init(&ci, b, s);
    1322       67960 :                 *result = (lng) ci.ncand;
    1323             :         }
    1324       69713 :         BBPreclaim(s);
    1325       69713 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1326       69713 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1327             : }
    1328             : 
    1329             : static str
    1330        1723 : ALGcount_nil(lng *result, const bat *bid, const bit *ignore_nils)
    1331             : {
    1332        1723 :         return ALGcountCND_nil(result, bid, NULL, ignore_nils);
    1333             : }
    1334             : 
    1335             : static str
    1336           0 : ALGcountCND_bat(lng *result, const bat *bid, const bat *cnd)
    1337             : {
    1338           0 :         return ALGcountCND_nil(result, bid, cnd, &(bit) { 0 });
    1339             : }
    1340             : 
    1341             : static str
    1342       67990 : ALGcount_bat(lng *result, const bat *bid)
    1343             : {
    1344       67990 :         return ALGcountCND_nil(result, bid, NULL, &(bit) { 0 });
    1345             : }
    1346             : 
    1347             : static str
    1348           0 : ALGcountCND_no_nil(lng *result, const bat *bid, const bat *cnd)
    1349             : {
    1350           0 :         return ALGcountCND_nil(result, bid, cnd, &(bit) { 1 });
    1351             : }
    1352             : 
    1353             : static str
    1354           0 : ALGcount_no_nil(lng *result, const bat *bid)
    1355             : {
    1356           0 :         return ALGcountCND_nil(result, bid, NULL, &(bit) { 1 });
    1357             : }
    1358             : 
    1359             : static str
    1360           6 : ALGslice(bat *ret, const bat *bid, const lng *start, const lng *end)
    1361             : {
    1362           6 :         BAT *b, *bn = NULL;
    1363             : 
    1364           6 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1365           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.slice", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1366             :         }
    1367           6 :         if (slice(&bn, b, *start, *end) == GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1368           6 :                 *ret = bn->batCacheid;
    1369           6 :                 BBPkeepref(bn);
    1370           6 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1371           6 :                 return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1372             :         }
    1373           0 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1374           0 :         throw(MAL, "algebra.slice", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1375             : }
    1376             : 
    1377             : static str
    1378           1 : ALGslice_int(bat *ret, const bat *bid, const int *start, const int *end)
    1379             : {
    1380           1 :         lng s = *start;
    1381           1 :         lng e = (is_int_nil(*end) ? lng_nil : *end);
    1382             : 
    1383           1 :         return ALGslice(ret, bid, &s, &e);
    1384             : }
    1385             : 
    1386             : static str
    1387           0 : ALGslice_lng(bat *ret, const bat *bid, const lng *start, const lng *end)
    1388             : {
    1389           0 :         lng s = *start;
    1390           0 :         lng e = *end;
    1391             : 
    1392           0 :         return ALGslice(ret, bid, &s, &e);
    1393             : }
    1394             : 
    1395             : /* carve out a slice based on the OIDs */
    1396             : /* beware that BATs may have different OID bases */
    1397             : static str
    1398           5 : ALGslice_oid(bat *ret, const bat *bid, const oid *start, const oid *end)
    1399             : {
    1400           5 :         lng s = (lng) (is_oid_nil(*start) ? 0 : (lng) *start);
    1401           5 :         lng e = (is_oid_nil(*end) ? lng_nil : (lng) *end);
    1402             : 
    1403           5 :         return ALGslice(ret, bid, &s, &e);
    1404             : }
    1405             : 
    1406             : static str
    1407       17251 : ALGsubslice_lng(bat *ret, const bat *bid, const lng *start, const lng *end)
    1408             : {
    1409       17251 :         BAT *b, *bn;
    1410       17251 :         BUN s, e;
    1411             : 
    1412       17251 :         if (*start < 0 || (*end < 0 && !is_lng_nil(*end)))
    1413           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.subslice", ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
    1414       17251 :         if ((b = BBPquickdesc(*bid)) == NULL)
    1415           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.subslice", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1416       17251 :         s = (BUN) *start;
    1417       17251 :         if (s > BATcount(b))
    1418             :                 s = BATcount(b);
    1419       17251 :         e = is_lng_nil(*end) ? BATcount(b) : (BUN) *end + 1;
    1420       17251 :         if (e > BATcount(b))
    1421             :                 e = BATcount(b);
    1422       17251 :         if (e < s)
    1423             :                 e = s;
    1424       17251 :         bn = BATdense(0, b->hseqbase + s, e - s);
    1425       17251 :         if (bn == NULL)
    1426           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.subslice", SQLSTATE(HY013) MAL_MALLOC_FAIL);
    1427       17251 :         *ret = bn->batCacheid;
    1428       17251 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
    1429       17251 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1430             : }
    1431             : 
    1432             : /*
    1433             :  * BUN Get/Fetch
    1434             :  */
    1435             : 
    1436             : static str
    1437       88858 : doALGfetch(ptr ret, BAT *b, BUN pos)
    1438             : {
    1439       88858 :         assert(pos <= BUN_MAX);
    1440       88858 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator(b);
    1441       88858 :         if (ATOMextern(b->ttype)) {
    1442         190 :                 ptr _src = BUNtail(bi, pos);
    1443         190 :                 size_t _len = ATOMlen(b->ttype, _src);
    1444         190 :                 ptr _dst = GDKmalloc(_len);
    1445         190 :                 if (_dst == NULL) {
    1446           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    1447           0 :                         throw(MAL, "doAlgFetch", SQLSTATE(HY013) MAL_MALLOC_FAIL);
    1448             :                 }
    1449         190 :                 memcpy(_dst, _src, _len);
    1450         190 :                 *(ptr *) ret = _dst;
    1451             :         } else {
    1452       88668 :                 size_t _s = ATOMsize(ATOMtype(b->ttype));
    1453       88668 :                 if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    1454           0 :                         *(oid *) ret = b->tseqbase;
    1455           0 :                         if (!is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase))
    1456           0 :                                 *(oid *) ret += pos;
    1457       88668 :                 } else if (_s == 4) {
    1458       88581 :                         *(int *) ret = ((int *) bi.base)[pos];
    1459             :                 } else if (_s == 1) {
    1460          11 :                         *(bte *) ret = ((bte *) bi.base)[pos];
    1461             :                 } else if (_s == 2) {
    1462           1 :                         *(sht *) ret = ((sht *) bi.base)[pos];
    1463             :                 } else if (_s == 8) {
    1464          75 :                         *(lng *) ret = ((lng *) bi.base)[pos];
    1465             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    1466             :                 } else if (_s == 16) {
    1467           0 :                         *(hge *) ret = ((hge *) bi.base)[pos];
    1468             : #endif
    1469             :                 } else {
    1470           0 :                         memcpy(ret, (const char *) bi.base + (pos << bi.shift), _s);
    1471             :                 }
    1472             :         }
    1473       88858 :         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    1474       88858 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1475             : }
    1476             : 
    1477             : static str
    1478       88860 : ALGfetch(ptr ret, const bat *bid, const lng *pos)
    1479             : {
    1480       88860 :         BAT *b;
    1481       88860 :         str msg;
    1482             : 
    1483       88860 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1484           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.fetch", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1485             :         }
    1486       88860 :         if (*pos < (lng) 0) {
    1487           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1488           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.fetch",
    1489             :                           ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT ": row index to fetch must be non negative\n");
    1490             :         }
    1491       88860 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0) {
    1492           2 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1493           2 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.fetch",
    1494             :                           ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT
    1495             :                           ": cannot fetch a single row from an empty input\n");
    1496             :         }
    1497       88858 :         if (*pos >= (lng) BATcount(b)) {
    1498           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1499           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.fetch",
    1500             :                           ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT ": row index to fetch is out of range\n");
    1501             :         }
    1502       88858 :         msg = doALGfetch(ret, b, (BUN) *pos);
    1503       88858 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1504       88858 :         return msg;
    1505             : }
    1506             : 
    1507             : str
    1508       88860 : ALGfetchoid(ptr ret, const bat *bid, const oid *pos)
    1509             : {
    1510       88860 :         lng o = *pos;
    1511             : 
    1512       88860 :         return ALGfetch(ret, bid, &o);
    1513             : }
    1514             : 
    1515             : static str
    1516           0 : ALGexist(bit *ret, const bat *bid, const void *val)
    1517             : {
    1518           0 :         BAT *b;
    1519           0 :         BUN q;
    1520             : 
    1521           0 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1522           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.exist", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1523             :         }
    1524           0 :         derefStr(b, val);
    1525           0 :         q = BUNfnd(b, val);
    1526           0 :         *ret = (q != BUN_NONE);
    1527           0 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1528           0 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1529             : }
    1530             : 
    1531             : static str
    1532           9 : ALGfind(oid *ret, const bat *bid, ptr val)
    1533             : {
    1534           9 :         BAT *b;
    1535           9 :         BUN q;
    1536           9 :         str msg = MAL_SUCCEED;
    1537             : 
    1538           9 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL) {
    1539           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.find", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1540             :         }
    1541           9 :         derefStr(b, val);
    1542           9 :         q = BUNfnd(b, val);
    1543             : 
    1544           9 :         if (q == BUN_NONE) {
    1545           3 :                 *ret = oid_nil;
    1546             :         } else
    1547           6 :                 *ret = (oid) q;
    1548           9 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1549           9 :         return msg;
    1550             : }
    1551             : 
    1552             : 
    1553             : static str
    1554      178246 : ALGprojecttail(Client cntxt, MalBlkPtr mb, MalStkPtr stk, InstrPtr pci)
    1555             : {
    1556      178246 :         bat *ret = getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, 0);
    1557      178246 :         bat bid = *getArgReference_bat(stk, pci, 1);
    1558      178246 :         const ValRecord *v = &stk->stk[getArg(pci, 2)];
    1559      178246 :         BAT *b, *bn;
    1560             : 
    1561      178246 :         (void) cntxt;
    1562      178246 :         (void) mb;
    1563      178246 :         if (isaBatType(getArgType(mb, pci, 2)))
    1564           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.project", "Scalar value expected");
    1565      178246 :         if ((b = BBPquickdesc(bid)) == NULL)
    1566           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.project", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1567      178233 :         bn = BATconstant(b->hseqbase, v->vtype, VALptr(v), BATcount(b), TRANSIENT);
    1568      178238 :         if (bn == NULL) {
    1569           0 :                 *ret = bat_nil;
    1570           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.project", SQLSTATE(HY013) MAL_MALLOC_FAIL);
    1571             :         }
    1572      178238 :         *ret = bn->batCacheid;
    1573      178238 :         BBPkeepref(bn);
    1574      178238 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1575             : }
    1576             : 
    1577             : 
    1578             : static str
    1579           0 : ALGreuse(bat *ret, const bat *bid)
    1580             : {
    1581           0 :         BAT *b, *bn;
    1582           0 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1583           0 :                 throw(MAL, "algebra.reuse", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1584             : 
    1585           0 :         if (!b->batTransient || b->batRestricted != BAT_WRITE) {
    1586           0 :                 if (ATOMvarsized(b->ttype)) {
    1587           0 :                         bn = BATwcopy(b);
    1588           0 :                         if (bn == NULL) {
    1589           0 :                                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1590           0 :                                 throw(MAL, "algebra.reuse", SQLSTATE(HY013) MAL_MALLOC_FAIL);
    1591             :                         }
    1592             :                 } else {
    1593           0 :                         bn = COLnew(b->hseqbase, b->ttype, BATcount(b), TRANSIENT);
    1594           0 :                         if (bn == NULL) {
    1595           0 :                                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1596           0 :                                 throw(MAL, "algebra.reuse", SQLSTATE(HY013) MAL_MALLOC_FAIL);
    1597             :                         }
    1598           0 :                         BATsetcount(bn, BATcount(b));
    1599           0 :                         bn->tsorted = false;
    1600           0 :                         bn->trevsorted = false;
    1601           0 :                         BATkey(bn, false);
    1602             :                 }
    1603           0 :                 *ret = bn->batCacheid;
    1604           0 :                 BBPkeepref(bn);
    1605           0 :                 BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1606             :         } else
    1607           0 :                 BBPkeepref(b);
    1608             :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1609             : }
    1610             : 
    1611             : /*
    1612             :  * BAT standard deviation
    1613             :  */
    1614             : static str
    1615           7 : ALGstdev(dbl *res, const bat *bid)
    1616             : {
    1617           7 :         BAT *b;
    1618           7 :         dbl stdev;
    1619             : 
    1620           7 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1621           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.stdev", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1622           7 :         stdev = BATcalcstdev_sample(NULL, b);
    1623           7 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1624           7 :         if (is_dbl_nil(stdev) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1625           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.stdev", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1626           7 :         *res = stdev;
    1627           7 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1628             : }
    1629             : 
    1630             : static str
    1631          13 : ALGstdevp(dbl *res, const bat *bid)
    1632             : {
    1633          13 :         BAT *b;
    1634          13 :         dbl stdev;
    1635             : 
    1636          13 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1637           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.stdevp", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1638          13 :         stdev = BATcalcstdev_population(NULL, b);
    1639          13 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1640          13 :         if (is_dbl_nil(stdev) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1641           1 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.stdevp", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1642          12 :         *res = stdev;
    1643          12 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1644             : }
    1645             : 
    1646             : /*
    1647             :  * BAT variance
    1648             :  */
    1649             : static str
    1650           2 : ALGvariance(dbl *res, const bat *bid)
    1651             : {
    1652           2 :         BAT *b;
    1653           2 :         dbl variance;
    1654             : 
    1655           2 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1656           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.variance", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1657           2 :         variance = BATcalcvariance_sample(NULL, b);
    1658           2 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1659           2 :         if (is_dbl_nil(variance) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1660           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.variance", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1661           2 :         *res = variance;
    1662           2 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1663             : }
    1664             : 
    1665             : static str
    1666           5 : ALGvariancep(dbl *res, const bat *bid)
    1667             : {
    1668           5 :         BAT *b;
    1669           5 :         dbl variance;
    1670             : 
    1671           5 :         if ((b = BATdescriptor(*bid)) == NULL)
    1672           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.variancep", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1673           5 :         variance = BATcalcvariance_population(NULL, b);
    1674           5 :         BBPunfix(b->batCacheid);
    1675           5 :         if (is_dbl_nil(variance) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1676           1 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.variancep", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1677           4 :         *res = variance;
    1678           4 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1679             : }
    1680             : 
    1681             : /*
    1682             :  * BAT covariance
    1683             :  */
    1684             : static str
    1685           5 : ALGcovariance(dbl *res, const bat *bid1, const bat *bid2)
    1686             : {
    1687           5 :         BAT *b1, *b2;
    1688           5 :         dbl covariance;
    1689             : 
    1690           5 :         if ((b1 = BATdescriptor(*bid1)) == NULL)
    1691           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariance", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1692           5 :         if ((b2 = BATdescriptor(*bid2)) == NULL) {
    1693           0 :                 BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1694           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariance", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1695             :         }
    1696             : 
    1697           5 :         covariance = BATcalccovariance_sample(b1, b2);
    1698           5 :         BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1699           5 :         BBPunfix(b2->batCacheid);
    1700           5 :         if (is_dbl_nil(covariance) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1701           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariance", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1702           5 :         *res = covariance;
    1703           5 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1704             : }
    1705             : 
    1706             : static str
    1707           9 : ALGcovariancep(dbl *res, const bat *bid1, const bat *bid2)
    1708             : {
    1709           9 :         BAT *b1, *b2;
    1710           9 :         dbl covariance;
    1711             : 
    1712           9 :         if ((b1 = BATdescriptor(*bid1)) == NULL)
    1713           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariancep", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1714           9 :         if ((b2 = BATdescriptor(*bid2)) == NULL) {
    1715           0 :                 BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1716           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariancep", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1717             :         }
    1718             : 
    1719           9 :         covariance = BATcalccovariance_population(b1, b2);
    1720           9 :         BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1721           9 :         BBPunfix(b2->batCacheid);
    1722           9 :         if (is_dbl_nil(covariance) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1723           1 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.covariancep", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1724           8 :         *res = covariance;
    1725           8 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1726             : }
    1727             : 
    1728             : /*
    1729             :  * BAT correlation
    1730             :  */
    1731             : static str
    1732          19 : ALGcorr(dbl *res, const bat *bid1, const bat *bid2)
    1733             : {
    1734          19 :         BAT *b1, *b2;
    1735          19 :         dbl covariance;
    1736             : 
    1737          19 :         if ((b1 = BATdescriptor(*bid1)) == NULL)
    1738           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.corr", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1739          19 :         if ((b2 = BATdescriptor(*bid2)) == NULL) {
    1740           0 :                 BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1741           0 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.corr", SQLSTATE(HY002) RUNTIME_OBJECT_MISSING);
    1742             :         }
    1743             : 
    1744          19 :         covariance = BATcalccorrelation(b1, b2);
    1745          19 :         BBPunfix(b1->batCacheid);
    1746          19 :         BBPunfix(b2->batCacheid);
    1747          19 :         if (is_dbl_nil(covariance) && GDKerrbuf && GDKerrbuf[0])
    1748           1 :                 throw(MAL, "aggr.corr", GDK_EXCEPTION);
    1749          18 :         *res = covariance;
    1750          18 :         return MAL_SUCCEED;
    1751             : }
    1752             : 
    1753             : #include "mel.h"
    1754             : mel_func algebra_init_funcs[] = {
    1755             :  command("algebra", "groupby", ALGgroupby, false, "Produces a new BAT with groups identified by the head column. The result contains tail times the head value, ie the tail contains the result group sizes.", args(1,3, batarg("",oid),batarg("gids",oid),batarg("cnts",lng))),
    1756             :  command("algebra", "find", ALGfind, false, "Returns the index position of a value.  If no such BUN exists return OID-nil.", args(1,3, arg("",oid),batargany("b",1),argany("t",1))),
    1757             :  command("algebra", "fetch", ALGfetchoid, false, "Returns the value of the BUN at x-th position with 0 <= x < b.count", args(1,3, argany("",1),batargany("b",1),arg("x",oid))),
    1758             :  pattern("algebra", "project", ALGprojecttail, false, "Fill the tail with a constant", args(1,3, batargany("",2),batargany("b",1),argany("v",2))),
    1759             :  command("algebra", "projection", ALGprojection, false, "Project left input onto right input.", args(1,3, batargany("",1),batarg("left",oid),batargany("right",1))),
    1760             :  command("algebra", "projection", ALGprojection2, false, "Project left input onto right inputs which should be consecutive.", args(1,4, batargany("",1),batarg("left",oid),batargany("right1",1),batargany("right2",1))),
    1761             :  command("algebra", "copy", ALGcopy, false, "Returns physical copy of a BAT.", args(1,2, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1))),
    1762             :  command("algebra", "exist", ALGexist, false, "Returns whether 'val' occurs in b.", args(1,3, arg("",bit),batargany("b",1),argany("val",1))),
    1763             :  command("algebra", "select", ALGselect1, false, "Select all head values for which the tail value is in range.\nInput is a dense-headed BAT, output is a dense-headed BAT with in\nthe tail the head value of the input BAT for which the tail value\nis between the values low and high (inclusive if li respectively\nhi is set).  The output BAT is sorted on the tail value.  If low\nor high is nil, the boundary is not considered (effectively - and\n+ infinity).  If anti is set, the result is the complement.  Nil\nvalues in the tail are never matched, unless low=nil, high=nil,\nli=1, hi=1, anti=0.  All non-nil values are returned if low=nil,\nhigh=nil, and li, hi are not both 1, or anti=1.\nNote that the output is suitable as second input for the other\nversion of this function.", args(1,7, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),argany("low",1),argany("high",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit))),
    1764             :  command("algebra", "select", ALGselect2, false, "Select all head values of the first input BAT for which the tail value\nis in range and for which the head value occurs in the tail of the\nsecond input BAT.\nThe first input is a dense-headed BAT, the second input is a\ndense-headed BAT with sorted tail, output is a dense-headed BAT\nwith in the tail the head value of the input BAT for which the\ntail value is between the values low and high (inclusive if li\nrespectively hi is set).  The output BAT is sorted on the tail\nvalue.  If low or high is nil, the boundary is not considered\n(effectively - and + infinity).  If anti is set, the result is the\ncomplement.  Nil values in the tail are never matched, unless\nlow=nil, high=nil, li=1, hi=1, anti=0.  All non-nil values are\nreturned if low=nil, high=nil, and li, hi are not both 1, or anti=1.\nNote that the output is suitable as second input for this\nfunction.", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("s",oid),argany("low",1),argany("high",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit))),
    1765             :  command("algebra", "select", ALGselect1nil, false, "With unknown set, each nil != nil", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),argany("low",1),argany("high",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit),arg("unknown",bit))),
    1766             :  command("algebra", "select", ALGselect2nil, false, "With unknown set, each nil != nil", args(1,9, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("s",oid),argany("low",1),argany("high",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit),arg("unknown",bit))),
    1767             :  command("algebra", "thetaselect", ALGthetaselect2, false, "Select all head values of the first input BAT for which the tail value\nobeys the relation value OP VAL and for which the head value occurs in\nthe tail of the second input BAT.\nInput is a dense-headed BAT, output is a dense-headed BAT with in\nthe tail the head value of the input BAT for which the\nrelationship holds.  The output BAT is sorted on the tail value.", args(1,5, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("s",oid),argany("val",1),arg("op",str))),
    1768             :  command("algebra", "markselect", ALGmarkselect, false, "Group on group-ids, return aggregated anyequal or allnotequal", args(2,6, batarg("",oid), batarg("", bit), batarg("gid",oid), batarg("m", bit), batarg("p", bit), arg("any", bit))),
    1769             :  command("algebra", "outerselect", ALGouterselect, false, "Per input lid return at least one row, if none of the predicates (p) hold, return a nil, else 'all' true cases.", args(2,6, batarg("",oid), batarg("", bit), batarg("lid", oid), batarg("rid", bit), batarg("predicate", bit), arg("any", bit))),
    1770             :  command("algebra", "selectNotNil", ALGselectNotNil, false, "Select all not-nil values", args(1,2, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1))),
    1771             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort11, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(1,5, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1772             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort12, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values and a BAT that\nspecifies how the input was reordered.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(2,6, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1773             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort13, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values, a BAT that specifies\nhow the input was reordered, and a BAT with group information.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(3,7, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1774             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort21, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(1,6, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1775             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort22, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values and a BAT that\nspecifies how the input was reordered.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(2,7, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1776             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort23, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values, a BAT that specifies\nhow the input was reordered, and a BAT with group information.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(3,8, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1777             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort31, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(1,7, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),batarg("g",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1778             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort32, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values and a BAT that\nspecifies how the input was reordered.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(2,8, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),batarg("g",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1779             :  command("algebra", "sort", ALGsort33, false, "Returns a copy of the BAT sorted on tail values, a BAT that specifies\nhow the input was reordered, and a BAT with group information.\nThe order is descending if the reverse bit is set.\nThis is a stable sort if the stable bit is set.", args(3,9, batargany("",1),batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("o",oid),batarg("g",oid),arg("reverse",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("stable",bit))),
    1780             :  command("algebra", "unique", ALGunique, false, "Select all unique values from the tail of the first input.\nInput is a dense-headed BAT, the second input is a\ndense-headed BAT with sorted tail, output is a dense-headed\nBAT with in the tail the head value of the input BAT that was\nselected.  The output BAT is sorted on the tail value.  The\nsecond input BAT is a list of candidates.", args(1,3, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),batarg("s",oid))),
    1781             :  command("algebra", "crossproduct", ALGcrossproduct2, false, "Returns 2 columns with all BUNs, consisting of the head-oids\nfrom 'left' and 'right' for which there are BUNs in 'left'\nand 'right' with equal tails", args(2,5, batarg("l",oid),batarg("r",oid),batargany("left",1),batargany("right",2),arg("max_one",bit))),
    1782             :  command("algebra", "crossproduct", ALGcrossproduct1, false, "Compute the cross product of both input bats; but only produce left output", args(1,4, batarg("",oid),batargany("left",1),batargany("right",2),arg("max_one",bit))),
    1783             :  command("algebra", "crossproduct", ALGcrossproduct3, false, "Compute the cross product of both input bats", args(2,7, batarg("l",oid),batarg("r",oid),batargany("left",1),batargany("right",2),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("max_one",bit))),
    1784             :  command("algebra", "crossproduct", ALGcrossproduct4, false, "Compute the cross product of both input bats; but only produce left output", args(1,6, batarg("",oid),batargany("left",1),batargany("right",2),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("max_one",bit))),
    1785             :  command("algebra", "outercrossproduct", ALGoutercrossproduct3, false, "Compute the outer cross product of both input bats", args(2,7, batarg("l",oid),batarg("r",oid),batargany("left",1),batargany("right",2),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("max_one",bit))),
    1786             :  command("algebra", "join", ALGjoin, false, "Join", args(2,8, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1787             :  command("algebra", "join", ALGjoin1, false, "Join; only produce left output", args(1,7, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1788             :  command("algebra", "leftjoin", ALGleftjoin, false, "Left join with candidate lists", args(2,8, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1789             :  command("algebra", "leftjoin", ALGleftjoin1, false, "Left join with candidate lists; only produce left output", args(1,7, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1790             :  command("algebra", "outerjoin", ALGouterjoin, false, "Left outer join with candidate lists", args(2,9, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("match_one",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1791             :  command("algebra", "outerjoin", ALGouterjoin1, false, "Left outer join with candidate lists; only produce left output", args(1,8,batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("match_one",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1792             :  command("algebra", "semijoin", ALGsemijoin, false, "Semi join with candidate lists", args(2,9, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("max_one",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1793             :  command("algebra", "markjoin", ALGmark2join, false, "Mark join with candidate lists", args(2,7, batarg("",oid),batarg("",bit),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1794             :  command("algebra", "markjoin", ALGmark3join, false, "Mark join with candidate lists", args(3,8, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batarg("",bit),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1795             :  command("algebra", "thetajoin", ALGthetajoin, false, "Theta join with candidate lists", args(2,9, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("op",int),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1796             :  command("algebra", "thetajoin", ALGthetajoin1, false, "Theta join with candidate lists; only produce left output", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("op",int),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1797             :  command("algebra", "bandjoin", ALGbandjoin, false, "Band join: values in l and r match if r - c1 <[=] l <[=] r + c2", args(2,11, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),argany("c1",1),argany("c2",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1798             :  command("algebra", "bandjoin", ALGbandjoin1, false, "Band join: values in l and r match if r - c1 <[=] l <[=] r + c2; only produce left output", args(1,10, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),argany("c1",1),argany("c2",1),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1799             :  command("algebra", "rangejoin", ALGrangejoin, false, "Range join: values in l and r1/r2 match if r1 <[=] l <[=] r2", args(2,12, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r1",1),batargany("r2",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit),arg("symmetric",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1800             :  command("algebra", "rangejoin", ALGrangejoin1, false, "Range join: values in l and r1/r2 match if r1 <[=] l <[=] r2; only produce left output", args(1,11,batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r1",1),batargany("r2",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("li",bit),arg("hi",bit),arg("anti",bit),arg("symmetric",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1801             :  command("algebra", "difference", ALGdifference, false, "Difference of l and r with candidate lists", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("nil_clears",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1802             :  command("algebra", "intersect", ALGintersect, false, "Intersection of l and r with candidate lists (i.e. half of semi-join)", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("l",1),batargany("r",1),batarg("sl",oid),batarg("sr",oid),arg("nil_matches",bit),arg("max_one",bit),arg("estimate",lng))),
    1803             :  pattern("algebra", "firstn", ALGfirstn, false, "Calculate first N values of B with candidate list S", args(1,8, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",0),batarg("s",oid),batarg("g",oid),arg("n",lng),arg("asc",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("distinct",bit))),
    1804             :  pattern("algebra", "firstn", ALGfirstn, false, "Calculate first N values of B with candidate list S", args(2,9, batarg("",oid),batarg("",oid),batargany("b",0),batarg("s",oid),batarg("g",oid),arg("n",lng),arg("asc",bit),arg("nilslast",bit),arg("distinct",bit))),
    1805             :  command("algebra", "reuse", ALGreuse, false, "Reuse a temporary BAT if you can. Otherwise,\nallocate enough storage to accept result of an\noperation (not involving the heap)", args(1,2, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1))),
    1806             :  command("algebra", "slice", ALGslice_oid, false, "Return the slice based on head oid x till y (exclusive).", args(1,4, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),arg("x",oid),arg("y",oid))),
    1807             :  command("algebra", "slice", ALGslice_int, false, "Return the slice with the BUNs at position x till y.", args(1,4, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),arg("x",int),arg("y",int))),
    1808             :  command("algebra", "slice", ALGslice_lng, false, "Return the slice with the BUNs at position x till y.", args(1,4, batargany("",1),batargany("b",1),arg("x",lng),arg("y",lng))),
    1809             :  command("algebra", "subslice", ALGsubslice_lng, false, "Return the oids of the slice with the BUNs at position x till y.", args(1,4, batarg("",oid),batargany("b",1),arg("x",lng),arg("y",lng))),
    1810             :  command("aggr", "count", ALGcount_bat, false, "Return the current size (in number of elements) in a BAT.", args(1,2, arg("",lng),batargany("b",0))),
    1811             :  command("aggr", "count", ALGcount_nil, false, "Return the number of elements currently in a BAT ignores\nBUNs with nil-tail iff ignore_nils==TRUE.", args(1,3, arg("",lng),batargany("b",0),arg("ignore_nils",bit))),
    1812             :  command("aggr", "count_no_nil", ALGcount_no_nil, false, "Return the number of elements currently\nin a BAT ignoring BUNs with nil-tail", args(1,2, arg("",lng),batargany("b",2))),
    1813             :  command("aggr", "count", ALGcountCND_bat, false, "Return the current size (in number of elements) in a BAT.", args(1,3, arg("",lng),batargany("b",0),batarg("cnd",oid))),
    1814             :  command("aggr", "count", ALGcountCND_nil, false, "Return the number of elements currently in a BAT ignores\nBUNs with nil-tail iff ignore_nils==TRUE.", args(1,4, arg("",lng),batargany("b",0),batarg("cnd",oid),arg("ignore_nils",bit))),
    1815             :  command("aggr", "count_no_nil", ALGcountCND_no_nil, false, "Return the number of elements currently\nin a BAT ignoring BUNs with nil-tail", args(1,3, arg("",lng),batargany("b",2),batarg("cnd",oid))),
    1816             :  command("aggr", "cardinality", ALGcard, false, "Return the cardinality of the BAT tail values.", args(1,2, arg("",lng),batargany("b",2))),
    1817             :  command("aggr", "min", ALGminany, false, "Return the lowest tail value or nil.", args(1,2, argany("",2),batargany("b",2))),
    1818             :  command("aggr", "min", ALGminany_skipnil, false, "Return the lowest tail value or nil.", args(1,3, argany("",2),batargany("b",2),arg("skipnil",bit))),
    1819             :  command("aggr", "max", ALGmaxany, false, "Return the highest tail value or nil.", args(1,2, argany("",2),batargany("b",2))),
    1820             :  command("aggr", "max", ALGmaxany_skipnil, false, "Return the highest tail value or nil.", args(1,3, argany("",2),batargany("b",2),arg("skipnil",bit))),
    1821             :  command("aggr", "stdev", ALGstdev, false, "Gives the standard deviation of all tail values", args(1,2, arg("",dbl),batargany("b",2))),
    1822             :  command("aggr", "stdevp", ALGstdevp, false, "Gives the standard deviation of all tail values", args(1,2, arg("",dbl),batargany("b",2))),
    1823             :  command("aggr", "variance", ALGvariance, false, "Gives the variance of all tail values", args(1,2, arg("",dbl),batargany("b",2))),
    1824             :  command("aggr", "variancep", ALGvariancep, false, "Gives the variance of all tail values", args(1,2, arg("",dbl),batargany("b",2))),
    1825             :  command("aggr", "covariance", ALGcovariance, false, "Gives the covariance of all tail values", args(1,3, arg("",dbl),batargany("b1",2),batargany("b2",2))),
    1826             :  command("aggr", "covariancep", ALGcovariancep, false, "Gives the covariance of all tail values", args(1,3, arg("",dbl),batargany("b1",2),batargany("b2",2))),
    1827             :  command("aggr", "corr", ALGcorr, false, "Gives the correlation of all tail values", args(1,3, arg("",dbl),batargany("b1",2),batargany("b2",2))),
    1828             :  // sql
    1829             :  command("aggr", "exist", ALGexist, false, "", args(1,3, arg("",bit),batargany("b",2),argany("h",1))),
    1830             :  { .imp=NULL }
    1831             : };
    1832             : #include "mal_import.h"
    1833             : #ifdef _MSC_VER
    1834             : #undef read
    1835             : #pragma section(".CRT$XCU",read)
    1836             : #endif
    1837         324 : LIB_STARTUP_FUNC(init_algebra_mal)
    1838         324 : { mal_module("algebra", NULL, algebra_init_funcs); }

Generated by: LCOV version 1.14