LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - gdk - gdk_batop.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: coverage.info Lines: 1484 1914 77.5 %
Date: 2024-12-19 23:10:26 Functions: 26 26 100.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /*
       2             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
       3             :  *
       4             :  * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
       5             :  * License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
       6             :  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
       7             :  *
       8             :  * Copyright 2024 MonetDB Foundation;
       9             :  * Copyright August 2008 - 2023 MonetDB B.V.;
      10             :  * Copyright 1997 - July 2008 CWI.
      11             :  */
      12             : 
      13             : /*
      14             :  * (c) M. L. Kersten, P. Boncz, S. Manegold, N. Nes, K.S. Mullender
      15             :  * Common BAT Operations
      16             :  * We factor out all possible overhead by inlining code.  This
      17             :  * includes the macros BUNhead and BUNtail, which do a test to see
      18             :  * whether the atom resides in the buns or in a variable storage
      19             :  * heap.
      20             :  */
      21             : #include "monetdb_config.h"
      22             : #include "gdk.h"
      23             : #include "gdk_private.h"
      24             : 
      25             : gdk_return
      26    54282365 : unshare_varsized_heap(BAT *b)
      27             : {
      28    54282365 :         if (ATOMvarsized(b->ttype) &&
      29    22099300 :             b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid) {
      30        1021 :                 Heap *h = GDKmalloc(sizeof(Heap));
      31        1025 :                 if (h == NULL)
      32             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
      33        1025 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("unshare vheap");
      34        2044 :                 *h = (Heap) {
      35        1019 :                         .parentid = b->batCacheid,
      36        1025 :                         .farmid = BBPselectfarm(b->batRole, TYPE_str, varheap),
      37             :                         .refs = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(1),
      38             :                 };
      39        1019 :                 strconcat_len(h->filename, sizeof(h->filename),
      40        1019 :                               BBP_physical(b->batCacheid), ".theap", NULL);
      41        1025 :                 if (HEAPcopy(h, b->tvheap, 0) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
      42           0 :                         HEAPfree(h, true);
      43           0 :                         GDKfree(h);
      44           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
      45             :                 }
      46        1020 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
      47        1023 :                 Heap *oh = b->tvheap;
      48        1023 :                 b->tvheap = h;
      49        1023 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
      50        1024 :                 BBPrelease(oh->parentid);
      51        1023 :                 HEAPdecref(oh, false);
      52             :         }
      53             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
      54             : }
      55             : 
      56             : /* We try to be clever when appending one string bat to another.
      57             :  * First of all, we try to actually share the string heap so that we
      58             :  * don't need an extra copy, and if that can't be done, we see whether
      59             :  * it makes sense to just quickly copy the whole string heap instead
      60             :  * of inserting individual strings.  See the comments in the code for
      61             :  * more information. */
      62             : static gdk_return
      63       85631 : insert_string_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci, bool force, bool mayshare, QryCtx *qry_ctx)
      64             : {
      65       85631 :         size_t toff = ~(size_t) 0;      /* tail offset */
      66       85631 :         BUN p, r;               /* loop variables */
      67       85631 :         const void *tp = NULL;  /* tail value pointer */
      68       85631 :         var_t v;
      69       85631 :         size_t off;             /* offset within n's string heap */
      70       85631 :         BUN cnt = ci->ncand;
      71       85631 :         BUN oldcnt = BATcount(b);
      72             : 
      73       85631 :         assert(b->ttype == TYPE_str);
      74       85631 :         assert(b->tbaseoff == 0);
      75       85631 :         assert(b->theap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
      76             :         /* only transient bats can use some other bat's string heap */
      77       85631 :         assert(b->batRole == TRANSIENT || b->tvheap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
      78       85631 :         if (cnt == 0)
      79             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
      80             : 
      81       85640 :         if (b->tvheap == ni->vh) {
      82             :                 /* vheaps are already shared, continue doing so: we just
      83             :                  * need to append the offsets */
      84       20401 :                 toff = 0;
      85       20401 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("shared vheap");
      86       65239 :         } else if (mayshare && b->batRole == TRANSIENT && oldcnt == 0) {
      87             :                 /* we can share the vheaps, so we then only need to
      88             :                  * append the offsets */
      89       51068 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
      90       51204 :                 bat bid = b->tvheap->parentid;
      91       51204 :                 HEAPdecref(b->tvheap, bid == b->batCacheid);
      92       51277 :                 HEAPincref(ni->vh);
      93       51284 :                 b->tvheap = ni->vh;
      94       51284 :                 b->tascii = ni->ascii;
      95       51284 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
      96       51304 :                 BBPretain(ni->vh->parentid);
      97       51297 :                 if (bid != b->batCacheid)
      98           0 :                         BBPrelease(bid);
      99       51297 :                 toff = 0;
     100       51297 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("share vheap");
     101             :         } else {
     102             :                 /* no heap sharing, so also make sure the heap isn't
     103             :                  * shared currently (we're not allowed to write in
     104             :                  * another bat's heap) */
     105       15196 :                 if (b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid &&
     106        1022 :                     unshare_varsized_heap(b) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     107             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     108             :                 }
     109       14174 :                 if (oldcnt == 0 || (!GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(b->tvheap) &&
     110          91 :                                     !GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(ni->vh))) {
     111             :                         /* we'll consider copying the string heap completely
     112             :                          *
     113             :                          * we first estimate how much space the string heap
     114             :                          * should occupy, given the number of rows we need to
     115             :                          * insert, then, if that is way smaller than the actual
     116             :                          * space occupied, we will skip the copy and just insert
     117             :                          * one by one */
     118             :                         size_t len = 0;
     119     5805320 :                         for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
     120     5799591 :                                 p = (BUN) (((double) rand() / RAND_MAX) * (cnt - 1));
     121     5799675 :                                 p = canditer_idx(ci, p) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     122     5799675 :                                 len += strlen(BUNtvar(*ni, p)) + 1;
     123             :                         }
     124        5729 :                         len = (len + 512) / 1024; /* rounded average length */
     125        5729 :                         r = (GDK_ELIMLIMIT - GDK_STRHASHSIZE) / (len + 12);
     126             :                         /* r is estimate of number of strings in
     127             :                          * double-eliminated area */
     128        5729 :                         BUN ecnt = ci->ncand;
     129        5729 :                         if (ni->b->tunique_est > 0 && ecnt > ni->b->tunique_est)
     130          55 :                                 ecnt = (BUN)ni->b->tunique_est;
     131        5729 :                         if (r < ecnt)
     132         920 :                                 len = GDK_ELIMLIMIT + (ecnt - r) * len;
     133             :                         else
     134        4809 :                                 len = GDK_STRHASHSIZE + ecnt * (len + 12);
     135             :                         /* len is total estimated expected size of vheap */
     136             : 
     137        5729 :                         if (len > ni->vhfree / 2) {
     138             :                                 /* we copy the string heap, perhaps appending */
     139        5719 :                                 if (oldcnt == 0) {
     140        5684 :                                         toff = 0;
     141        5684 :                                         MT_thread_setalgorithm("copy vheap");
     142             :                                 } else {
     143          35 :                                         toff = (b->tvheap->free + GDK_VARALIGN - 1) & ~(GDK_VARALIGN - 1);
     144          35 :                                         MT_thread_setalgorithm("append vheap");
     145             :                                 }
     146             : 
     147        5720 :                                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     148        5719 :                                 if (HEAPgrow(&b->tvheap, toff + ni->vhfree, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     149           0 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     150           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
     151             :                                 }
     152        5715 :                                 memcpy(b->tvheap->base + toff, ni->vh->base, ni->vhfree);
     153        5715 :                                 b->tvheap->free = toff + ni->vhfree;
     154        5715 :                                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
     155        5715 :                                 b->tascii &= ni->ascii;
     156        5715 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     157             :                         }
     158             :                 }
     159             :         }
     160             :         /* if toff has the initial value of ~0, we insert strings
     161             :          * individually, otherwise we only copy (insert) offsets */
     162       77415 :         if (toff == ~(size_t) 0)
     163             :                 v = GDK_VAROFFSET;
     164             :         else
     165       77319 :                 v = b->tvheap->free - 1;
     166             : 
     167             :         /* make sure there is (vertical) space in the offset heap, we
     168             :          * may also widen thanks to v, set above */
     169       85858 :         if (GDKupgradevarheap(b, v, oldcnt + cnt < b->batCapacity ? b->batCapacity : oldcnt + cnt, b->batCount) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     170             :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     171             :         }
     172             : 
     173       85799 :         if (toff == 0 && ni->width == b->twidth && ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     174             :                 /* we don't need to do any translation of offset
     175             :                  * values, so we can use fast memcpy */
     176       77080 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("memcpy offsets");
     177       77236 :                 memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)), (const char *) ni->base + ((ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) << ni->shift), cnt << ni->shift);
     178        8719 :         } else if (toff != ~(size_t) 0) {
     179             :                 /* we don't need to insert any actual strings since we
     180             :                  * have already made sure that they are all in b's
     181             :                  * string heap at known locations (namely the offset
     182             :                  * in n added to toff), so insert offsets from n after
     183             :                  * adding toff into b */
     184             :                 /* note the use of the "restrict" qualifier here: all
     185             :                  * four pointers below point to the same value, but
     186             :                  * only one of them will actually be used, hence we
     187             :                  * still obey the rule for restrict-qualified
     188             :                  * pointers */
     189         182 :                 const uint8_t *restrict tbp = (const uint8_t *) ni->base;
     190         182 :                 const uint16_t *restrict tsp = (const uint16_t *) ni->base;
     191         182 :                 const uint32_t *restrict tip = (const uint32_t *) ni->base;
     192             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     193         182 :                 const uint64_t *restrict tlp = (const uint64_t *) ni->base;
     194             : #endif
     195             : 
     196         182 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("copy offset values");
     197         182 :                 r = b->batCount;
     198     3526810 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     199     3526250 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     200     3526250 :                         switch (ni->width) {
     201         106 :                         case 1:
     202         106 :                                 v = (var_t) tbp[p] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
     203         106 :                                 break;
     204        4638 :                         case 2:
     205        4638 :                                 v = (var_t) tsp[p] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
     206        4638 :                                 break;
     207     3521506 :                         case 4:
     208     3521506 :                                 v = (var_t) tip[p];
     209     3521506 :                                 break;
     210             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     211           0 :                         case 8:
     212           0 :                                 v = (var_t) tlp[p];
     213           0 :                                 break;
     214             : #endif
     215             :                         default:
     216           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
     217             :                         }
     218     3526250 :                         v = (var_t) ((size_t) v + toff);
     219     3526250 :                         assert(v >= GDK_VAROFFSET);
     220     3526250 :                         assert((size_t) v < b->tvheap->free);
     221     3526250 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
     222        4640 :                         case 1:
     223        4640 :                                 assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 8));
     224        4640 :                                 ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint8_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     225        4640 :                                 break;
     226         761 :                         case 2:
     227         761 :                                 assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 16));
     228         761 :                                 ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint16_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     229         761 :                                 break;
     230     3520849 :                         case 4:
     231             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     232     3520849 :                                 assert(v < ((var_t) 1 << 32));
     233             : #endif
     234     3520849 :                                 ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint32_t) v;
     235     3520849 :                                 break;
     236             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     237           0 :                         case 8:
     238           0 :                                 ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[r++] = (uint64_t) v;
     239           0 :                                 break;
     240             : #endif
     241             :                         default:
     242     3526250 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
     243             :                         }
     244             :                 }
     245        8537 :         } else if (b->tvheap->free < ni->vhfree / 2 ||
     246             :                    GDK_ELIMDOUBLES(b->tvheap)) {
     247             :                 /* if b's string heap is much smaller than n's string
     248             :                  * heap, don't bother checking whether n's string
     249             :                  * values occur in b's string heap; also, if b is
     250             :                  * (still) fully double eliminated, we must continue
     251             :                  * to use the double elimination mechanism */
     252        8482 :                 r = b->batCount;
     253        8482 :                 oid hseq = ni->b->hseqbase;
     254        8482 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("insert string values");
     255    11460656 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     256    11443160 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - hseq;
     257    11295391 :                         tp = BUNtvar(*ni, p);
     258    11295391 :                         if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, tp) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     259             :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
     260             :                         }
     261    11443221 :                         r++;
     262             :                 }
     263             :         } else {
     264             :                 /* Insert values from n individually into b; however,
     265             :                  * we check whether there is a string in b's string
     266             :                  * heap at the same offset as the string is in n's
     267             :                  * string heap (in case b's string heap is a copy of
     268             :                  * n's).  If this is the case, we just copy the
     269             :                  * offset, otherwise we insert normally.  */
     270          55 :                 r = b->batCount;
     271          55 :                 MT_thread_setalgorithm("insert string values with check");
     272        6808 :                 TIMEOUT_LOOP(cnt, qry_ctx) {
     273        6698 :                         p = canditer_next(ci) - ni->b->hseqbase;
     274        6698 :                         off = BUNtvaroff(*ni, p); /* the offset */
     275        6698 :                         tp = ni->vh->base + off; /* the string */
     276        6698 :                         if (off < b->tvheap->free &&
     277        6698 :                             strcmp(b->tvheap->base + off, tp) == 0) {
     278             :                                 /* we found the string at the same
     279             :                                  * offset in b's string heap as it was
     280             :                                  * in n's string heap, so we don't
     281             :                                  * have to insert a new string into b:
     282             :                                  * we can just copy the offset */
     283        2831 :                                 v = (var_t) off;
     284        2831 :                                 switch (b->twidth) {
     285           0 :                                 case 1:
     286           0 :                                         assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 8));
     287           0 :                                         ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint8_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     288           0 :                                         break;
     289           4 :                                 case 2:
     290           4 :                                         assert(v - GDK_VAROFFSET < ((var_t) 1 << 16));
     291           4 :                                         ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint16_t) (v - GDK_VAROFFSET);
     292           4 :                                         break;
     293        2827 :                                 case 4:
     294             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     295        2827 :                                         assert(v < ((var_t) 1 << 32));
     296             : #endif
     297        2827 :                                         ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint32_t) v;
     298        2827 :                                         break;
     299             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
     300           0 :                                 case 8:
     301           0 :                                         ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[r] = (uint64_t) v;
     302           0 :                                         break;
     303             : #endif
     304             :                                 default:
     305           0 :                                         MT_UNREACHABLE();
     306             :                                 }
     307             :                         } else {
     308        3867 :                                 if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, tp) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     309             :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
     310             :                                 }
     311             :                         }
     312        6698 :                         r++;
     313             :                 }
     314             :         }
     315       86018 :         TIMEOUT_CHECK(qry_ctx, TIMEOUT_HANDLER(GDK_FAIL, qry_ctx));
     316       85630 :         MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     317       86030 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     318       85889 :         BATsetcount(b, oldcnt + ci->ncand);
     319       85906 :         assert(b->batCapacity >= b->batCount);
     320       85906 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     321             :         /* maintain hash */
     322       89013 :         for (r = oldcnt, cnt = BATcount(b); b->thash && r < cnt; r++) {
     323        3029 :                 HASHappend_locked(b, r, b->tvheap->base + VarHeapVal(Tloc(b, 0), r, b->twidth));
     324             :         }
     325       85984 :         BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     326       85984 :         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     327       86007 :         if (nunique != 0) {
     328           9 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     329           9 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     330           9 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     331             :         }
     332             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     333             : }
     334             : 
     335             : static gdk_return
     336         514 : append_varsized_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci, bool mayshare)
     337             : {
     338         514 :         BUN cnt = ci->ncand, r;
     339         514 :         oid hseq = ni->b->hseqbase;
     340             : 
     341             :         /* only transient bats can use some other bat's vheap */
     342         514 :         assert(b->batRole == TRANSIENT || b->tvheap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
     343             :         /* make sure the bats use var_t */
     344         514 :         assert(b->twidth == ni->width);
     345         514 :         assert(b->twidth == SIZEOF_VAR_T);
     346         514 :         if (cnt == 0)
     347             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     348         514 :         if (cnt > BATcapacity(b) - BATcount(b)) {
     349             :                 /* if needed space exceeds a normal growth extend just
     350             :                  * with what's needed */
     351          18 :                 BUN ncap = BATcount(b) + cnt;
     352          18 :                 BUN grows = BATgrows(b);
     353             : 
     354          18 :                 if (ncap > grows)
     355             :                         grows = ncap;
     356          18 :                 if (BATextend(b, grows) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     357             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     358             :         }
     359         514 :         if (mayshare &&
     360         515 :             BATcount(b) == 0 &&
     361         233 :             b->batRole == TRANSIENT &&
     362         148 :             ni->restricted == BAT_READ &&
     363         148 :             b->tvheap != ni->vh) {
     364             :                 /* if b is still empty, in the transient farm, and n
     365             :                  * is read-only, we replace b's vheap with a reference
     366             :                  * to n's */
     367         148 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     368         148 :                 bat bid = b->tvheap->parentid;
     369         148 :                 HEAPdecref(b->tvheap, true);
     370         148 :                 HEAPincref(ni->vh);
     371         148 :                 b->tvheap = ni->vh;
     372         148 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     373         148 :                 BBPretain(ni->vh->parentid);
     374         148 :                 if (bid != b->batCacheid)
     375           0 :                         BBPrelease(bid);
     376             :         }
     377         514 :         if (b->tvheap == ni->vh) {
     378             :                 /* if b and n use the same vheap, we only need to copy
     379             :                  * the offsets from n to b */
     380         341 :                 if (ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     381             :                         /* fast memcpy since we copy a consecutive
     382             :                          * chunk of memory */
     383         341 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)),
     384         341 :                                (const var_t *) ni->base + (ci->seq - hseq),
     385         341 :                                cnt << b->tshift);
     386             :                 } else {
     387           0 :                         var_t *restrict dst = (var_t *) Tloc(b, BATcount(b));
     388           0 :                         const var_t *restrict src = (const var_t *) ni->base;
     389           0 :                         while (cnt > 0) {
     390           0 :                                 cnt--;
     391           0 :                                 *dst++ = src[canditer_next(ci) - hseq];
     392             :                         }
     393             :                 }
     394         341 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     395         341 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     396         341 :                 BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci->ncand);
     397         341 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     398             :                 /* maintain hash table */
     399         341 :                 for (BUN i = BATcount(b) - ci->ncand;
     400         341 :                      b->thash && i < BATcount(b);
     401           0 :                      i++) {
     402           0 :                         HASHappend_locked(b, i, b->tvheap->base + *(var_t *) Tloc(b, i));
     403             :                 }
     404         341 :                 BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     405         341 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     406         341 :                 if (nunique != 0) {
     407           0 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     408           0 :                         b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     409           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     410             :                 }
     411         341 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     412             :         }
     413             :         /* b and n do not share their vheap, so we need to copy data */
     414         173 :         if (b->tvheap->parentid != b->batCacheid) {
     415             :                 /* if b shares its vheap with some other bat, unshare it */
     416          18 :                 Heap *h = GDKmalloc(sizeof(Heap));
     417          18 :                 if (h == NULL) {
     418             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     419             :                 }
     420          36 :                 *h = (Heap) {
     421          18 :                         .parentid = b->batCacheid,
     422          18 :                         .farmid = BBPselectfarm(b->batRole, b->ttype, varheap),
     423             :                         .refs = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(1),
     424             :                 };
     425          18 :                 strconcat_len(h->filename, sizeof(h->filename),
     426          18 :                               BBP_physical(b->batCacheid), ".theap", NULL);
     427          18 :                 if (HEAPcopy(h, b->tvheap, 0) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     428           0 :                         HEAPfree(h, true);
     429           0 :                         GDKfree(h);
     430           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     431             :                 }
     432          18 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     433          18 :                 Heap *oh = b->tvheap;
     434          18 :                 b->tvheap = h;
     435          18 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     436          18 :                 if (oh->parentid != b->batCacheid)
     437          18 :                         BBPrelease(oh->parentid);
     438          18 :                 HEAPdecref(oh, false);
     439             :         }
     440         173 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 &&
     441          85 :             ci->tpe == cand_dense && ci->ncand == ni->count) {
     442             :                 /* just copy the heaps */
     443          84 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     444          84 :                 if (HEAPgrow(&b->tvheap, ni->vhfree, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     445           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     446           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     447             :                 }
     448          84 :                 memcpy(b->theap->base, ni->base, ni->hfree);
     449          84 :                 memcpy(b->tvheap->base, ni->vh->base, ni->vhfree);
     450          84 :                 b->theap->free = ni->hfree;
     451          84 :                 b->theap->dirty = true;
     452          84 :                 b->tvheap->free = ni->vhfree;
     453          84 :                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
     454          84 :                 BATsetcount(b, ni->count);
     455          84 :                 b->tnil = ni->nil;
     456          84 :                 b->tnonil = ni->nonil;
     457          84 :                 b->tsorted = ni->sorted;
     458          84 :                 b->tnosorted = ni->nosorted;
     459          84 :                 b->trevsorted = ni->revsorted;
     460          84 :                 b->tnorevsorted = ni->norevsorted;
     461          84 :                 b->tkey = ni->key;
     462          84 :                 b->tnokey[0] = ni->nokey[0];
     463          84 :                 b->tnokey[1] = ni->nokey[1];
     464          84 :                 b->tminpos = ni->minpos;
     465          84 :                 b->tmaxpos = ni->maxpos;
     466          84 :                 b->tunique_est = ni->unique_est;
     467          84 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     468          84 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     469             :         }
     470             :         /* copy data from n to b */
     471             :         r = BATcount(b);
     472      380593 :         for (BUN i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
     473      380503 :                 BUN p = canditer_next(ci) - hseq;
     474      380503 :                 const void *t = BUNtvar(*ni, p);
     475      380503 :                 if (tfastins_nocheckVAR(b, r, t) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     476             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
     477             :                 }
     478      380504 :                 r++;
     479             :         }
     480          90 :         MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     481          90 :         if (b->thash) {
     482           0 :                 r -= cnt;
     483           0 :                 BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     484           0 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
     485           0 :                         const void *t = BUNtvar(bi, r);
     486           0 :                         HASHappend_locked(b, r, t);
     487           0 :                         r++;
     488             :                 }
     489             :         }
     490          90 :         BUN nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     491          90 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     492          89 :         BATsetcount(b, r);
     493          90 :         if (nunique != 0)
     494           0 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     495          90 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     496          90 :         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     497          90 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     498             : }
     499             : 
     500             : static gdk_return
     501         138 : append_msk_bat(BAT *b, BATiter *ni, struct canditer *ci)
     502             : {
     503         138 :         if (ci->ncand == 0)
     504             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     505         138 :         if (BATextend(b, BATcount(b) + ci->ncand) != GDK_SUCCEED)
     506             :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     507             : 
     508         138 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     509             : 
     510         138 :         uint32_t boff = b->batCount % 32;
     511         138 :         uint32_t *bp = (uint32_t *) b->theap->base + b->batCount / 32;
     512         138 :         b->batCount += ci->ncand;
     513         138 :         b->theap->dirty = true;
     514         138 :         b->theap->free = ((b->batCount + 31) / 32) * 4;
     515         138 :         if (ci->tpe == cand_dense) {
     516         138 :                 const uint32_t *np;
     517         138 :                 uint32_t noff, mask;
     518         138 :                 BUN cnt;
     519         138 :                 noff = (ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) % 32;
     520         138 :                 cnt = ci->ncand;
     521         138 :                 np = (const uint32_t *) ni->base + (ci->seq - ni->b->hseqbase) / 32;
     522         138 :                 if (boff == noff) {
     523             :                         /* words of b and n are aligned, so we don't
     524             :                          * need to shift bits around */
     525          56 :                         if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     526             :                                 /* all new bits within one word */
     527          50 :                                 if (cnt == 32) {
     528           0 :                                         *bp = *np;
     529             :                                 } else {
     530          50 :                                         mask = ((1U << cnt) - 1) << boff;
     531          50 :                                         *bp &= ~mask;
     532          50 :                                         *bp |= *np & mask;
     533             :                                 }
     534             :                         } else {
     535             :                                 /* multiple words of b are affected */
     536           6 :                                 if (boff != 0) {
     537             :                                         /* first fill up the rest of the first
     538             :                                          * word */
     539           0 :                                         mask = ~0U << boff;
     540           0 :                                         *bp &= ~mask;
     541           0 :                                         *bp++ |= *np++ & mask;
     542           0 :                                         cnt -= 32 - boff;
     543             :                                 }
     544           6 :                                 if (cnt >= 32) {
     545             :                                         /* copy an integral number of words fast */
     546           6 :                                         BUN nw = cnt / 32;
     547           6 :                                         memcpy(bp, np, nw*sizeof(int));
     548           6 :                                         bp += nw;
     549           6 :                                         np += nw;
     550           6 :                                         cnt %= 32;
     551             :                                 }
     552           6 :                                 if (cnt > 0) {
     553             :                                         /* do the left over bits */
     554           6 :                                         mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     555           6 :                                         *bp = *np & mask;
     556             :                                 }
     557             :                         }
     558          82 :                 } else if (boff > noff) {
     559          82 :                         if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     560             :                                 /* we only need to copy bits from a
     561             :                                  * single word of n to a single word
     562             :                                  * of b */
     563             :                                 /* boff > 0, so cnt < 32, hence the
     564             :                                  * shift is ok */
     565          74 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     566          74 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     567          74 :                                 *bp |= (*np & (mask << noff)) << (boff - noff);
     568             :                         } else {
     569             :                                 /* first fill the rest of the last partial
     570             :                                  * word of b, so that's 32-boff bits */
     571           8 :                                 mask = (1U << (32 - boff)) - 1;
     572           8 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     573           8 :                                 *bp++ |= (*np & (mask << noff)) << (boff - noff);
     574           8 :                                 cnt -= 32 - boff;
     575             : 
     576             :                                 /* set boff and noff to the amount we need to
     577             :                                  * shift bits in consecutive words of n around
     578             :                                  * to fit into the next word of b; set mask to
     579             :                                  * the mask of the bottom bits of n that fit
     580             :                                  * in a word of b (and the complement are the
     581             :                                  * top bits that go to another word of b) */
     582           8 :                                 boff -= noff;
     583           8 :                                 noff = 32 - boff;
     584           8 :                                 mask = (1U << noff) - 1;
     585         140 :                                 while (cnt >= 32) {
     586         132 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     587         132 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     588         132 :                                         cnt -= 32;
     589             :                                 }
     590           8 :                                 if (cnt > noff) {
     591             :                                         /* the last bits come from two words
     592             :                                          * in n */
     593           4 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     594           4 :                                         cnt -= noff;
     595           4 :                                         mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     596           4 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     597           4 :                                 } else if (cnt > 0) {
     598             :                                         /* the last bits come from a single
     599             :                                          * word in n */
     600           4 :                                         mask = ((1U << cnt) - 1) << noff;
     601           4 :                                         *bp = (*np & mask) >> noff;
     602             :                                 }
     603             :                         }
     604             :                 } else {
     605             :                         /* boff < noff */
     606           0 :                         if (noff + cnt <= 32) {
     607             :                                 /* only need part of the first word of n */
     608           0 :                                 assert(cnt < 32); /* noff > 0, so cnt < 32 */
     609           0 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     610           0 :                                 *bp &= ~(mask << boff);
     611           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np & (mask << noff)) >> (noff - boff);
     612           0 :                         } else if (boff + cnt <= 32) {
     613             :                                 /* only need to fill a single word of
     614             :                                  * b, but from two of n */
     615           0 :                                 if (cnt < 32)
     616           0 :                                         *bp &= ~(((1U << cnt) - 1) << boff);
     617             :                                 else
     618           0 :                                         *bp = 0;
     619           0 :                                 mask = ~((1U << noff) - 1);
     620           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np++ & mask) >> (noff - boff);
     621           0 :                                 cnt -= 32 - noff;
     622           0 :                                 mask = (1U << cnt) - 1;
     623           0 :                                 *bp |= (*np & mask) << (32 - noff);
     624             :                         } else {
     625           0 :                                 if (boff > 0) {
     626             :                                         /* fill the rest of the first word of b */
     627           0 :                                         cnt -= 32 - boff;
     628           0 :                                         *bp &= (1U << boff) - 1;
     629           0 :                                         mask = ~((1U << noff) - 1);
     630           0 :                                         noff -= boff;
     631           0 :                                         boff = 32 - noff;
     632           0 :                                         *bp |= (*np++ & mask) >> noff;
     633           0 :                                         *bp |= (*np & ((1U << noff) - 1)) << boff;
     634             :                                 } else {
     635           0 :                                         boff = 32 - noff;
     636             :                                 }
     637           0 :                                 mask = (1U << noff) - 1;
     638           0 :                                 while (cnt >= 32) {
     639           0 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     640           0 :                                         *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     641           0 :                                         cnt -= 32;
     642             :                                 }
     643           0 :                                 if (cnt > 0) {
     644           0 :                                         *bp = (*np++ & ~mask) >> noff;
     645           0 :                                         if (cnt > noff)
     646           0 :                                                 *bp++ |= (*np & mask) << boff;
     647             :                                 }
     648             :                         }
     649             :                 }
     650             :         } else {
     651           0 :                 oid o;
     652           0 :                 uint32_t v = boff > 0 ? *bp & ((1U << boff) - 1) : 0;
     653           0 :                 do {
     654           0 :                         for (uint32_t i = boff; i < 32; i++) {
     655           0 :                                 o = canditer_next(ci);
     656           0 :                                 if (is_oid_nil(o))
     657             :                                         break;
     658           0 :                                 o -= ni->b->hseqbase;
     659           0 :                                 v |= (uint32_t) Tmskval(ni, o - ni->b->hseqbase) << i;
     660             :                         }
     661           0 :                         *bp++ = v;
     662           0 :                         v = 0;
     663           0 :                         boff = 0;
     664           0 :                 } while (!is_oid_nil(o));
     665             :         }
     666         138 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     667         138 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     668             : }
     669             : 
     670             : /* Append the contents of BAT n (subject to the optional candidate
     671             :  * list s) to BAT b.  If b is empty, b will get the seqbase of s if it
     672             :  * was passed in, and else the seqbase of n. */
     673             : static gdk_return
     674     2251111 : BATappend2(BAT *b, BAT *n, BAT *s, bool force, bool mayshare)
     675             : {
     676     2251111 :         struct canditer ci;
     677     2251111 :         BUN r;
     678     2251111 :         oid hseq = n->hseqbase;
     679     2251111 :         char buf[64];
     680     2251111 :         lng t0 = 0;
     681     2251111 :         const ValRecord *prop = NULL;
     682     2251111 :         ValRecord minprop, maxprop;
     683     2251111 :         const void *minbound = NULL, *maxbound = NULL;
     684     2251111 :         int (*atomcmp) (const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
     685     2251111 :         bool hlocked = false;
     686             : 
     687     2251111 :         if (b == NULL || n == NULL || BATcount(n) == 0) {
     688             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
     689             :         }
     690     1305881 :         assert(b->theap->parentid == b->batCacheid);
     691             : 
     692     1305881 :         TRC_DEBUG_IF(ALGO) {
     693           0 :                 t0 = GDKusec();
     694           0 :                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ALGOBATFMT, ALGOBATPAR(b));
     695             :         }
     696             : 
     697     1305881 :         ALIGNapp(b, force, GDK_FAIL);
     698             : 
     699     3667746 :         if (ATOMstorage(ATOMtype(b->ttype)) != ATOMstorage(ATOMtype(n->ttype))) {
     700           0 :                 GDKerror("Incompatible operands ("ALGOBATFMT" vs. "ALGOBATFMT").\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOBATPAR(n));
     701           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     702             :         }
     703             : 
     704     1308615 :         if (BATttype(b) != BATttype(n) &&
     705             :             ATOMtype(b->ttype) != ATOMtype(n->ttype)) {
     706           0 :                 TRC_DEBUG(CHECK_, "Interpreting %s as %s.\n",
     707             :                           ATOMname(BATttype(n)), ATOMname(BATttype(b)));
     708             :         }
     709             : 
     710     1308615 :         QryCtx *qry_ctx = MT_thread_get_qry_ctx();
     711             : 
     712     1308308 :         BATiter ni = bat_iterator(n);
     713             : 
     714     1309260 :         canditer_init(&ci, n, s);
     715     1308094 :         if (ci.ncand == 0) {
     716           0 :                 goto doreturn;
     717             :         }
     718             : 
     719     1308094 :         if (BATcount(b) + ci.ncand > BUN_MAX) {
     720           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     721           0 :                 GDKerror("combined BATs too large\n");
     722           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     723             :         }
     724             : 
     725     1308094 :         if (b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) + ci.ncand >= GDK_oid_max) {
     726           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     727           0 :                 GDKerror("overflow of head value\n");
     728           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
     729             :         }
     730             : 
     731     1308094 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
     732     1309759 :         STRMPdestroy(b);        /* TODO: use STRMPappendBitString */
     733     1309846 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
     734             : 
     735     1308707 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     736     1308786 :         const bool notnull = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_NOT_NULL) != NULL;
     737     1308065 :         if ((prop = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_MIN_BOUND)) != NULL &&
     738          48 :             VALcopy(&minprop, prop) != NULL) {
     739          48 :                 minbound = VALptr(&minprop);
     740          48 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n) &&
     741          62 :                     ni.minpos != BUN_NONE &&
     742          14 :                     atomcmp(BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos), minbound) < 0) {
     743           0 :                         assert(0);
     744             :                         GDKerror("value out of bounds\n");
     745             :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     746             :                         goto bailout;
     747             :                 }
     748             :         }
     749     1307998 :         if ((prop = BATgetprop_nolock(b, GDK_MAX_BOUND)) != NULL &&
     750          40 :             VALcopy(&maxprop, prop) != NULL) {
     751          40 :                 maxbound = VALptr(&maxprop);
     752          40 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n) &&
     753          52 :                     ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE &&
     754          12 :                     atomcmp(BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos), maxbound) >= 0) {
     755           0 :                         assert(0);
     756             :                         GDKerror("value out of bounds\n");
     757             :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     758             :                         goto bailout;
     759             :                 }
     760             :         }
     761             : 
     762     1306825 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || b->tmaxpos != BUN_NONE) {
     763      398598 :                 if (ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
     764      153428 :                         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     765      153428 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || atomcmp(BUNtail(bi, b->tmaxpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos)) < 0) {
     766      147516 :                                 if (s == NULL) {
     767      147378 :                                         b->tmaxpos = BATcount(b) + ni.maxpos;
     768             :                                 } else {
     769         138 :                                         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
     770             :                                 }
     771             :                         }
     772             :                 } else {
     773      245170 :                         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
     774             :                 }
     775             :         }
     776     1306834 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || b->tminpos != BUN_NONE) {
     777      397903 :                 if (ni.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
     778      152982 :                         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     779      152982 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0 || atomcmp(BUNtail(bi, b->tminpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos)) > 0) {
     780      145965 :                                 if (s == NULL) {
     781      145829 :                                         b->tminpos = BATcount(b) + ni.minpos;
     782             :                                 } else {
     783         136 :                                         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
     784             :                                 }
     785             :                         }
     786             :                 } else {
     787      244921 :                         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
     788             :                 }
     789             :         }
     790     1306834 :         if (ci.ncand > BATcount(b) / gdk_unique_estimate_keep_fraction) {
     791     1305290 :                 b->tunique_est = 0;
     792             :         }
     793     1306834 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     794             :         /* load hash so that we can maintain it */
     795     1310323 :         (void) BATcheckhash(b);
     796             : 
     797     1309715 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
     798             :                 /* b does not have storage, keep it that way if we can */
     799      129054 :                 HASHdestroy(b); /* we're not maintaining the hash here */
     800      129027 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     801      129039 :                 if (BATtdensebi(&ni) && ci.tpe == cand_dense &&
     802      125188 :                     (BATcount(b) == 0 ||
     803      108479 :                      (BATtdense(b) &&
     804      108479 :                       b->tseqbase + BATcount(b) == n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq))) {
     805             :                         /* n is also dense and consecutive with b */
     806      125128 :                         if (BATcount(b) == 0) {
     807       16708 :                                 if (minbound && n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq < *(const oid *)minbound) {
     808           0 :                                         assert(0);
     809             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     810             :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     811             :                                         goto bailout;
     812             :                                 }
     813       16708 :                                 BATtseqbase(b, n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq);
     814             :                         }
     815      125105 :                         if (maxbound && b->tseqbase + BATcount(b) + ci.ncand >= *(const oid *)maxbound) {
     816           0 :                                 assert(0);
     817             :                                 GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     818             :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     819             :                                 goto bailout;
     820             :                         }
     821      125105 :                         BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand);
     822      125096 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     823      125129 :                         goto doreturn;
     824             :                 }
     825        3911 :                 if ((BATcount(b) == 0 || is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase)) &&
     826          20 :                     ni.type == TYPE_void && is_oid_nil(n->tseqbase)) {
     827             :                         /* both b and n are void/nil */
     828           0 :                         if (notnull) {
     829           0 :                                 assert(0);
     830             :                                 GDKerror("NULL value not within bounds\n");
     831             :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     832             :                                 goto bailout;
     833             :                         }
     834           0 :                         BATtseqbase(b, oid_nil);
     835           0 :                         BATsetcount(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand);
     836           0 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     837           0 :                         goto doreturn;
     838             :                 }
     839             :                 /* we need to materialize b; allocate enough capacity */
     840        3911 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     841        3911 :                 if (BATmaterialize(b, BATcount(b) + ci.ncand) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     842           0 :                         goto bailout;
     843             :                 }
     844             :         }
     845             : 
     846             :         /* property setting */
     847     1184571 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     848     1183296 :         r = BATcount(b);
     849             : 
     850     1183296 :         if (BATcount(b) == 0) {
     851      373186 :                 b->tsorted = ni.sorted;
     852      373186 :                 b->trevsorted = ni.revsorted;
     853      373186 :                 b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     854      373186 :                 b->tnonil = ni.nonil;
     855      373186 :                 b->tnil = ni.nil && ci.ncand == BATcount(n);
     856      373186 :                 if (ci.tpe == cand_dense) {
     857      373034 :                         b->tnosorted = ci.seq - hseq <= ni.nosorted && ni.nosorted < ci.seq + ci.ncand - hseq ? ni.nosorted + hseq - ci.seq : 0;
     858      373034 :                         b->tnorevsorted = ci.seq - hseq <= ni.norevsorted && ni.norevsorted < ci.seq + ci.ncand - hseq ? ni.norevsorted + hseq - ci.seq : 0;
     859      373034 :                         if (BATtdensebi(&ni)) {
     860        2121 :                                 b->tseqbase = n->tseqbase + ci.seq - hseq;
     861             :                         }
     862             :                 } else {
     863         152 :                         b->tnosorted = 0;
     864         152 :                         b->tnorevsorted = 0;
     865             :                 }
     866      373186 :                 b->tkey = ni.key;
     867      373186 :                 if (ci.ncand == BATcount(n)) {
     868      372140 :                         b->tnokey[0] = ni.nokey[0];
     869      372140 :                         b->tnokey[1] = ni.nokey[1];
     870             :                 } else {
     871        1046 :                         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
     872             :                 }
     873             :         } else {
     874      810110 :                 BUN last = r - 1;
     875      810110 :                 BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
     876      810110 :                 int xx = ATOMcmp(b->ttype,
     877             :                                  BUNtail(ni, ci.seq - hseq),
     878             :                                  BUNtail(bi, last));
     879      809437 :                 if (b->tsorted && (!ni.sorted || xx < 0)) {
     880       22067 :                         b->tsorted = false;
     881       22067 :                         b->tnosorted = 0;
     882       22067 :                         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     883             :                 }
     884      809437 :                 if (b->trevsorted &&
     885       68248 :                     (!ni.revsorted || xx > 0)) {
     886       18685 :                         b->trevsorted = false;
     887       18685 :                         b->tnorevsorted = 0;
     888             :                 }
     889      809437 :                 if (b->tkey &&
     890       76356 :                     (!(b->tsorted || b->trevsorted) ||
     891       61565 :                      !ni.key || xx == 0)) {
     892       20763 :                         BATkey(b, false);
     893             :                 }
     894      809378 :                 if (b->ttype != TYPE_void && b->tsorted && BATtdense(b) &&
     895        4080 :                     (!BATtdensebi(&ni) ||
     896         552 :                      ci.tpe != cand_dense ||
     897         552 :                      1 + *(oid *) BUNtloc(bi, last) != BUNtoid(n, ci.seq - hseq))) {
     898        3547 :                         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
     899             :                 }
     900      809378 :                 b->tnonil &= ni.nonil;
     901     1606448 :                 b->tnil |= ni.nil && ci.ncand == ni.count;
     902             :         }
     903     1182564 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     904     1184420 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_str) {
     905       85848 :                 if (insert_string_bat(b, &ni, &ci, force, mayshare, qry_ctx) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     906           0 :                         goto bailout;
     907             :                 }
     908     1098572 :         } else if (ATOMvarsized(b->ttype)) {
     909         515 :                 if (append_varsized_bat(b, &ni, &ci, mayshare) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     910           0 :                         goto bailout;
     911             :                 }
     912     1098057 :         } else if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
     913             :                 /* no bounds and NOT_NULL property on MSK bats */
     914         138 :                 assert(minbound == NULL && maxbound == NULL && !notnull);
     915         138 :                 if (append_msk_bat(b, &ni, &ci) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     916           0 :                         goto bailout;
     917             :                 }
     918             :         } else {
     919     1097919 :                 if (ci.ncand > BATcapacity(b) - BATcount(b)) {
     920             :                         /* if needed space exceeds a normal growth
     921             :                          * extend just with what's needed */
     922       10633 :                         BUN ncap = BATcount(b) + ci.ncand;
     923       10633 :                         BUN grows = BATgrows(b);
     924             : 
     925       10613 :                         if (ncap > grows)
     926             :                                 grows = ncap;
     927       10613 :                         if (BATextend(b, grows) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     928           0 :                                 goto bailout;
     929             :                         }
     930             :                 }
     931     1098027 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
     932     1098600 :                 hlocked = true;
     933     1098600 :                 if (b->ttype != TYPE_void &&
     934     1098359 :                     ni.type != TYPE_void &&
     935     1093059 :                     ci.tpe == cand_dense) {
     936             :                         /* use fast memcpy if we can */
     937     1092984 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, BATcount(b)),
     938     1092984 :                                (const char *) ni.base + ((ci.seq - hseq) << ni.shift),
     939     1092984 :                                ci.ncand << ni.shift);
     940     1092997 :                         for (BUN i = 0; b->thash && i < ci.ncand; i++) {
     941        3608 :                                 HASHappend_locked(b, r, Tloc(b, r));
     942          13 :                                 r++;
     943             :                         }
     944             :                 } else {
     945        5616 :                         const void *atomnil = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
     946     3902176 :                         TIMEOUT_LOOP(ci.ncand, qry_ctx) {
     947     3890923 :                                 BUN p = canditer_next(&ci) - hseq;
     948     3887348 :                                 const void *t = BUNtail(ni, p);
     949     3890768 :                                 bool isnil = atomcmp(t, atomnil) == 0;
     950     3886383 :                                 if (notnull && isnil) {
     951           0 :                                         assert(0);
     952             :                                         GDKerror("NULL value not within bounds\n");
     953             :                                         goto bailout;
     954     3886383 :                                 } else if (minbound &&
     955     3886383 :                                            !isnil &&
     956           0 :                                            atomcmp(t, minbound) < 0) {
     957           0 :                                         assert(0);
     958             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     959             :                                         goto bailout;
     960     3886383 :                                 } else if (maxbound &&
     961           0 :                                            !isnil &&
     962           0 :                                            atomcmp(t, maxbound) >= 0) {
     963           0 :                                         assert(0);
     964             :                                         GDKerror("value not within bounds\n");
     965             :                                         goto bailout;
     966     3886383 :                                 } else if (tfastins_nocheck(b, r, t) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
     967           0 :                                         goto bailout;
     968             :                                 }
     969     3890780 :                                 if (b->thash)
     970           0 :                                         HASHappend_locked(b, r, t);
     971     3890924 :                                 r++;
     972             :                         }
     973        5616 :                         TIMEOUT_CHECK(qry_ctx, GOTO_LABEL_TIMEOUT_HANDLER(bailout, qry_ctx));
     974             :                 }
     975     1095005 :                 BUN nunique;
     976     1095005 :                 nunique = b->thash ? b->thash->nunique : 0;
     977     1095005 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
     978     1097075 :                 BATsetcount(b, b->batCount + ci.ncand);
     979     1096955 :                 if (nunique != 0)
     980           5 :                         b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
     981     1096955 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
     982     1098670 :                 assert(hlocked);
     983     1098670 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
     984     1098670 :                 hlocked = false;
     985             :         }
     986             : 
     987     1310033 :   doreturn:
     988     1310033 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
     989     1306407 :         if (minbound)
     990          48 :                 VALclear(&minprop);
     991     1307471 :         if (maxbound)
     992          40 :                 VALclear(&maxprop);
     993     1307471 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=%s,n=" ALGOBATFMT ",s=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
     994             :                   " -> " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
     995             :                   buf, ALGOBATPAR(n), ALGOOPTBATPAR(s), ALGOBATPAR(b),
     996             :                   GDKusec() - t0);
     997             : 
     998             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
     999             :   bailout:
    1000           0 :         if (hlocked)
    1001           0 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1002           0 :         if (minbound)
    1003           0 :                 VALclear(&minprop);
    1004           0 :         if (maxbound)
    1005           0 :                 VALclear(&maxprop);
    1006           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1007           0 :         return GDK_FAIL;
    1008             : }
    1009             : 
    1010             : gdk_return
    1011     2258453 : BATappend(BAT *b, BAT *n, BAT *s, bool force)
    1012             : {
    1013     2258453 :         return BATappend2(b, n, s, force, true);
    1014             : }
    1015             : 
    1016             : gdk_return
    1017           4 : BATdel(BAT *b, BAT *d)
    1018             : {
    1019           4 :         void (*atmdel) (Heap *, var_t *) = BATatoms[b->ttype].atomDel;
    1020           4 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1021           4 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1022           4 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1023             : 
    1024           4 :         assert(ATOMtype(d->ttype) == TYPE_oid);
    1025           4 :         assert(d->tsorted);
    1026           4 :         assert(d->tkey);
    1027           4 :         if (BATcount(d) == 0)
    1028             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1029           4 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
    1030           4 :         HASHdestroy(b);
    1031           4 :         PROPdestroy(b);
    1032           4 :         STRMPdestroy(b);
    1033           4 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
    1034           4 :         if (BATtdense(d)) {
    1035           2 :                 oid o = d->tseqbase;
    1036           2 :                 BUN c = BATcount(d);
    1037             : 
    1038           2 :                 if (o + c <= b->hseqbase)
    1039             :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1040           2 :                 if (o < b->hseqbase) {
    1041           0 :                         c -= b->hseqbase - o;
    1042           0 :                         o = b->hseqbase;
    1043             :                 }
    1044           2 :                 if (o - b->hseqbase < b->batInserted) {
    1045           0 :                         GDKerror("cannot delete committed values\n");
    1046           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1047             :                 }
    1048           2 :                 if (o + c > b->hseqbase + BATcount(b))
    1049           0 :                         c = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) - o;
    1050           2 :                 if (c == 0)
    1051             :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1052           2 :                 if (atmdel) {
    1053           0 :                         BUN p = o - b->hseqbase;
    1054           0 :                         BUN q = p + c;
    1055           0 :                         while (p < q) {
    1056           0 :                                 (*atmdel)(b->tvheap, (var_t *) BUNtloc(bi, p));
    1057           0 :                                 p++;
    1058             :                         }
    1059             :                 }
    1060           2 :                 if (BATtdense(b) && BATmaterialize(b, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    1061             :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1062           2 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1063           2 :                 if (o + c < b->hseqbase + BATcount(b)) {
    1064           0 :                         o -= b->hseqbase;
    1065           0 :                         if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1066           0 :                                 BUN n = BATcount(b) - (o + c);
    1067             :                                 /* not very efficient, but first see
    1068             :                                  * how much this is used */
    1069           0 :                                 for (BUN i = 0; i < n; i++)
    1070           0 :                                         mskSetVal(b, o + i,
    1071           0 :                                                   mskGetVal(b, o + c + i));
    1072             :                         } else {
    1073           0 :                                 memmove(Tloc(b, o),
    1074           0 :                                         Tloc(b, o + c),
    1075           0 :                                         b->twidth * (BATcount(b) - (o + c)));
    1076             :                         }
    1077           0 :                         b->theap->dirty = true;
    1078             :                         // o += b->hseqbase; // if this were to be used again
    1079             :                 }
    1080           2 :                 b->batCount -= c;
    1081             :         } else {
    1082           2 :                 BATiter di = bat_iterator(d);
    1083           2 :                 const oid *o = (const oid *) di.base;
    1084           2 :                 const oid *s;
    1085           2 :                 BUN c = di.count;
    1086           2 :                 BUN nd = 0;
    1087           2 :                 BUN pos;
    1088           2 :                 char *p = NULL;
    1089             : 
    1090           2 :                 if (o[c - 1] <= b->hseqbase) {
    1091           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1092           0 :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1093             :                 }
    1094           2 :                 while (*o < b->hseqbase) {
    1095           0 :                         o++;
    1096           0 :                         c--;
    1097             :                 }
    1098           2 :                 if (*o - b->hseqbase < b->batInserted) {
    1099           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1100           0 :                         GDKerror("cannot delete committed values\n");
    1101           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1102             :                 }
    1103           2 :                 if (BATtdense(b) && BATmaterialize(b, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1104           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1105           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1106             :                 }
    1107           2 :                 s = o;
    1108           2 :                 pos = *o - b->hseqbase;
    1109           2 :                 if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) != TYPE_msk)
    1110           2 :                         p = Tloc(b, pos);
    1111           6 :                 while (c > 0 && *o < b->hseqbase + BATcount(b)) {
    1112           4 :                         size_t n;
    1113           4 :                         if (atmdel)
    1114           0 :                                 (*atmdel)(b->tvheap, (var_t *) BUNtloc(bi, *o - b->hseqbase));
    1115           4 :                         o++;
    1116           4 :                         c--;
    1117           4 :                         nd++;
    1118           4 :                         if (c == 0 || *o - b->hseqbase >= BATcount(b))
    1119           2 :                                 n = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b) - o[-1] - 1;
    1120           2 :                         else if ((oid) (o - s) < *o - *s)
    1121           2 :                                 n = o[0] - o[-1] - 1;
    1122             :                         else
    1123             :                                 n = 0;
    1124           4 :                         if (n > 0) {
    1125           2 :                                 if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1126           0 :                                         BUN opos = o[-1] + 1 - b->hseqbase;
    1127             :                                         /* not very efficient, but
    1128             :                                          * first see how much this is
    1129             :                                          * used */
    1130           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    1131           0 :                                                 mskSetVal(b, pos + i,
    1132           0 :                                                           mskGetVal(b, opos + i));
    1133             :                                         }
    1134           0 :                                         pos += n;
    1135             :                                 } else {
    1136           2 :                                         n *= b->twidth;
    1137           2 :                                         memmove(p,
    1138           2 :                                                 Tloc(b, o[-1] + 1 - b->hseqbase),
    1139             :                                                 n);
    1140           2 :                                         p += n;
    1141             :                                 }
    1142             :                                 s = o;
    1143             :                         }
    1144             :                 }
    1145           2 :                 bat_iterator_end(&di);
    1146           2 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1147           2 :                 b->theap->dirty = true;
    1148           2 :                 b->batCount -= nd;
    1149             :         }
    1150           4 :         if (b->batCount <= 1) {
    1151             :                 /* some trivial properties */
    1152           2 :                 b->tkey = true;
    1153           2 :                 b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = true;
    1154           2 :                 if (b->batCount == 0) {
    1155           2 :                         b->tnil = false;
    1156           2 :                         b->tnonil = true;
    1157             :                 }
    1158             :         }
    1159             :         /* not sure about these anymore */
    1160           4 :         b->tnosorted = b->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1161           4 :         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1162           4 :         b->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    1163           4 :         b->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1164           4 :         b->tunique_est = 0.0;
    1165           4 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1166             : 
    1167           4 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1168             : }
    1169             : 
    1170             : /*
    1171             :  * Replace all values in b with values from n whose location is given by
    1172             :  * the oid in either p or positions.
    1173             :  * If positions is used, autoincr specifies whether it is the first of a
    1174             :  * dense range of positions or whether it is a full-blown array of
    1175             :  * position.
    1176             :  * If mayappend is set, the position in p/positions may refer to
    1177             :  * locations beyond the end of b.
    1178             :  */
    1179             : static gdk_return
    1180      215744 : BATappend_or_update(BAT *b, BAT *p, const oid *positions, BAT *n,
    1181             :                     bool mayappend, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1182             : {
    1183      215744 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    1184      215749 :         oid pos = oid_nil;
    1185      215749 :         BUN nunique = 0;
    1186             : 
    1187      215749 :         if (b == NULL || b->ttype == TYPE_void || n == NULL) {
    1188             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1189             :         }
    1190             :         /* either p or positions */
    1191      215749 :         assert((p == NULL) != (positions == NULL));
    1192      215749 :         if (p != NULL) {
    1193      215573 :                 if (BATcount(p) != BATcount(n)) {
    1194           0 :                         GDKerror("update BATs not the same size\n");
    1195           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1196             :                 }
    1197      215573 :                 if (ATOMtype(p->ttype) != TYPE_oid) {
    1198           0 :                         GDKerror("positions BAT not type OID\n");
    1199           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1200             :                 }
    1201      215573 :                 if (BATtdense(p)) {
    1202      206692 :                         pos = p->tseqbase;
    1203      206692 :                         positions = &pos;
    1204      206692 :                         autoincr = true;
    1205      206692 :                         p = NULL;
    1206        8881 :                 } else if (p->ttype != TYPE_void) {
    1207        8879 :                         positions = (const oid *) Tloc(p, 0);
    1208        8879 :                         autoincr = false;
    1209             :                 } else {
    1210             :                         autoincr = false;
    1211             :                 }
    1212         176 :         } else if (autoincr) {
    1213         176 :                 pos = *positions;
    1214             :         }
    1215      215749 :         if (BATcount(n) == 0) {
    1216             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1217             :         }
    1218             : 
    1219       29159 :         BATiter ni = bat_iterator(n);
    1220             : 
    1221       29166 :         OIDXdestroy(b);
    1222       29172 :         STRMPdestroy(b);
    1223       29171 :         RTREEdestroy(b);
    1224             :         /* load hash so that we can maintain it */
    1225       29161 :         (void) BATcheckhash(b);
    1226             : 
    1227       29172 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1228       29155 :         if (!force && (b->batRestricted != BAT_WRITE ||
    1229          49 :                        (ATOMIC_GET(&b->theap->refs) & HEAPREFS) > 1)) {
    1230           0 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1231           0 :                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1232           0 :                 GDKerror("access denied to %s, aborting.\n", BATgetId(b));
    1233           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1234             :         }
    1235       29155 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1236       29155 :         if (ni.count > BATcount(b) / gdk_unique_estimate_keep_fraction) {
    1237       28518 :                 b->tunique_est = 0;
    1238             :         }
    1239             : 
    1240       29155 :         b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = false;
    1241       29155 :         b->tnosorted = b->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1242       29155 :         b->tseqbase = oid_nil;
    1243       29155 :         b->tkey = false;
    1244       29155 :         b->tnokey[0] = b->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1245             : 
    1246       29155 :         int (*atomcmp)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    1247       29155 :         const void *nil = ATOMnilptr(b->ttype);
    1248       29155 :         oid hseqend = b->hseqbase + BATcount(b);
    1249             : 
    1250       29155 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1251             : 
    1252       33951 :         bool anynil = false;
    1253       33951 :         bool locked = false;
    1254             : 
    1255       33951 :         if (b->tvheap) {
    1256     1206981 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1257     1204115 :                         oid updid;
    1258     1204115 :                         if (positions) {
    1259     1203102 :                                 updid = autoincr ? pos++ : *positions++;
    1260             :                         } else {
    1261        1013 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1262             :                         }
    1263             : 
    1264     1204115 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1265     1204115 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1266           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1267           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1268             :                         }
    1269     1204115 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1270     1204115 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1271           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1272           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1273             :                         }
    1274             : 
    1275     1204115 :                         const void *new = BUNtvar(ni, i);
    1276             : 
    1277     1204115 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1278       23564 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1279       23564 :                                 if (locked) {
    1280           4 :                                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1281           4 :                                         locked = false;
    1282             :                                 }
    1283       23564 :                                 if (b->tminpos != bi.minpos ||
    1284       23563 :                                     b->tmaxpos != bi.maxpos) {
    1285           1 :                                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1286           1 :                                         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1287           1 :                                         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1288           1 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1289             :                                 }
    1290       23564 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1291           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1292           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1293           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1294             :                                 }
    1295       23564 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, new, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1296           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1297           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1298             :                                 }
    1299       23564 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1300      132530 :                                 continue;
    1301             :                         }
    1302             : 
    1303             :                         /* it is possible that a previous run was killed
    1304             :                          * after an update (with a mmapped tail file)
    1305             :                          * but before that was committed, then the
    1306             :                          * offset may point outside of the vheap */
    1307     1180551 :                         const void *old = BUNtvaroff(bi, updid) < bi.vhfree ? BUNtvar(bi, updid) : NULL;
    1308             : 
    1309     1170949 :                         if (old && atomcmp(old, new) == 0) {
    1310             :                                 /* replacing with the same value:
    1311             :                                  * nothing to do */
    1312      108966 :                                 continue;
    1313             :                         }
    1314             : 
    1315     1070906 :                         bool isnil = atomcmp(new, nil) == 0;
    1316     1066371 :                         anynil |= isnil;
    1317     1066371 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1318     1066687 :                         if (old == NULL ||
    1319     1066687 :                             (b->tnil &&
    1320         767 :                              !anynil &&
    1321         767 :                              atomcmp(old, nil) == 0)) {
    1322             :                                 /* if old value is nil and no new
    1323             :                                  * value is, we're not sure anymore
    1324             :                                  * about the nil property, so we must
    1325             :                                  * clear it */
    1326         765 :                                 b->tnil = false;
    1327             :                         }
    1328     1066687 :                         b->tnonil &= !isnil;
    1329     1066687 :                         b->tnil |= isnil;
    1330     1066687 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1331     1066986 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1332        4236 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1333        2118 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.maxpos), new) < 0) {
    1334             :                                         /* new value is larger than
    1335             :                                          * previous largest */
    1336          24 :                                         bi.maxpos = updid;
    1337        4188 :                                 } else if (old == NULL ||
    1338        2107 :                                            (atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.maxpos), old) == 0 &&
    1339          13 :                                             atomcmp(new, old) != 0)) {
    1340             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1341             :                                          * largest and new value is
    1342             :                                          * smaller, so we don't know
    1343             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1344             :                                          * largest */
    1345          13 :                                         bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1346             :                                 }
    1347             :                         }
    1348     1066986 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1349        4224 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1350        2112 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.minpos), new) > 0) {
    1351             :                                         /* new value is smaller than
    1352             :                                          * previous smallest */
    1353          14 :                                         bi.minpos = updid;
    1354        4196 :                                 } else if (old == NULL ||
    1355        2120 :                                            (atomcmp(BUNtvar(bi, bi.minpos), old) == 0 &&
    1356          22 :                                             atomcmp(new, old) != 0)) {
    1357             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1358             :                                          * smallest and new value is
    1359             :                                          * larger, so we don't know
    1360             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1361             :                                          * smallest */
    1362          22 :                                         bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1363             :                                 }
    1364             :                         }
    1365     1066986 :                         if (!locked) {
    1366        2365 :                                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1367        2365 :                                 locked = true;
    1368             :                         }
    1369     1066989 :                         if (old)
    1370     1066989 :                                 HASHdelete_locked(&bi, updid, old);
    1371           0 :                         else if (b->thash) {
    1372           0 :                                 doHASHdestroy(b, b->thash);
    1373           0 :                                 b->thash = NULL;
    1374             :                         }
    1375             : 
    1376     1066945 :                         var_t d;
    1377     1066945 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1378     1058431 :                         case 1:
    1379     1058431 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
    1380     1058431 :                                 break;
    1381        6486 :                         case 2:
    1382        6486 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] + GDK_VAROFFSET;
    1383        6486 :                                 break;
    1384        1993 :                         case 4:
    1385        1993 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[updid];
    1386        1993 :                                 break;
    1387             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    1388          35 :                         case 8:
    1389          35 :                                 d = (var_t) ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[updid];
    1390          35 :                                 break;
    1391             : #endif
    1392             :                         default:
    1393           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
    1394             :                         }
    1395     1066945 :                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1396     1066854 :                         gdk_return rc = ATOMreplaceVAR(b, &d, new);
    1397     1066774 :                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1398     1066824 :                         if (rc != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1399           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1400             :                         }
    1401     1066824 :                         if (b->twidth < SIZEOF_VAR_T &&
    1402     1066904 :                             (b->twidth <= 2 ? d - GDK_VAROFFSET : d) >= ((size_t) 1 << (8 << b->tshift))) {
    1403             :                                 /* doesn't fit in current heap, upgrade it */
    1404          16 :                                 if (GDKupgradevarheap(b, d, 0, MAX(updid, b->batCount)) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1405           0 :                                         goto bailout;
    1406             :                                 }
    1407             :                         }
    1408             :                         /* in case ATOMreplaceVAR and/or
    1409             :                          * GDKupgradevarheap replaces a heap, we need to
    1410             :                          * reinitialize the iterator */
    1411             :                         {
    1412             :                                 /* save and restore minpos/maxpos */
    1413     1066824 :                                 BUN minpos = bi.minpos;
    1414     1066824 :                                 BUN maxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1415     1066824 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1416     1066824 :                                 bi.minpos = minpos;
    1417     1066824 :                                 bi.maxpos = maxpos;
    1418             :                         }
    1419     1066824 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1420     1058294 :                         case 1:
    1421     1058294 :                                 ((uint8_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint8_t) (d - GDK_VAROFFSET);
    1422     1058294 :                                 break;
    1423        6502 :                         case 2:
    1424        6502 :                                 ((uint16_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint16_t) (d - GDK_VAROFFSET);
    1425        6502 :                                 break;
    1426        1993 :                         case 4:
    1427        1993 :                                 ((uint32_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint32_t) d;
    1428        1993 :                                 break;
    1429             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    1430          35 :                         case 8:
    1431          35 :                                 ((uint64_t *) b->theap->base)[updid] = (uint64_t) d;
    1432          35 :                                 break;
    1433             : #endif
    1434             :                         default:
    1435           0 :                                 MT_UNREACHABLE();
    1436             :                         }
    1437     1066824 :                         HASHinsert_locked(&bi, updid, new);
    1438             : 
    1439             :                 }
    1440        2866 :                 if (locked) {
    1441        2363 :                         if (b->thash)
    1442           2 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1443        2363 :                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1444        2363 :                         locked = false;
    1445             :                 }
    1446        2867 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1447        2867 :                 b->tvheap->dirty = true;
    1448        2867 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1449       26300 :         } else if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1450           0 :                 assert(b->thash == NULL);
    1451           0 :                 HASHdestroy(b); /* hash doesn't make sense for msk */
    1452           0 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1453           0 :                         oid updid;
    1454           0 :                         if (positions) {
    1455           0 :                                 updid = autoincr ? pos++ : *positions++;
    1456             :                         } else {
    1457           0 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1458             :                         }
    1459             : 
    1460           0 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1461           0 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1462           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1463           0 :                                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1464           0 :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1465             :                         }
    1466           0 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1467           0 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1468           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1469           0 :                                 bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1470           0 :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1471             :                         }
    1472           0 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1473           0 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1474           0 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1475           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1476           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1477           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1478             :                                 }
    1479           0 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, BUNtmsk(ni, i), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1480           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1481           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1482             :                                 }
    1483           0 :                                 continue;
    1484             :                         }
    1485           0 :                         mskSetVal(b, updid, Tmskval(&ni, i));
    1486             :                 }
    1487           0 :                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1488       26300 :         } else if (autoincr) {
    1489       17916 :                 if (pos < b->hseqbase ||
    1490       17025 :                     (!mayappend && pos + ni.count > hseqend)) {
    1491           0 :                         GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1492           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1493           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1494             :                 }
    1495       17916 :                 pos -= b->hseqbase;
    1496       17916 :                 if (!force && pos < b->batInserted) {
    1497           0 :                         GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1498           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1499           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1500             :                 }
    1501             : 
    1502       17916 :                 if (pos >= BATcount(b)) {
    1503         467 :                         assert(mayappend);
    1504         467 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1505         467 :                         if (BATcount(b) < pos &&
    1506           0 :                             BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (pos - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1507             :                                 return GDK_FAIL;
    1508             :                         }
    1509         467 :                         return BATappend(b, n, NULL, force);
    1510             :                 }
    1511       17455 :                 if (pos + ni.count > BATcount(b) &&
    1512           6 :                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (pos + ni.count - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1513           0 :                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1514           0 :                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1515             :                 }
    1516       17449 :                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1517             : 
    1518             :                 /* we copy all of n, so if there are nils in n we get
    1519             :                  * nils in b (and else we don't know) */
    1520       17449 :                 b->tnil = ni.nil;
    1521             :                 /* we may not copy over all of b, so we only know that
    1522             :                  * there are no nils in b afterward if there weren't
    1523             :                  * any in either b or n to begin with */
    1524       17449 :                 b->tnonil &= ni.nonil;
    1525             :                 /* if there is no hash, we don't start the loop, if
    1526             :                  * there is only a persisted hash, it will get destroyed
    1527             :                  * in the first iteration, after which there is no hash
    1528             :                  * and the loop ends */
    1529       17449 :                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1530       17449 :                 locked = true;
    1531       17449 :                 for (BUN i = pos, j = pos + ni.count; i < j && b->thash; i++)
    1532          17 :                         HASHdelete_locked(&bi, i, Tloc(b, i));
    1533       17432 :                 if (ni.type == TYPE_void) {
    1534           0 :                         assert(b->ttype == TYPE_oid);
    1535           0 :                         oid *o = Tloc(b, pos);
    1536           0 :                         if (is_oid_nil(ni.tseq)) {
    1537             :                                 /* we may or may not overwrite the old
    1538             :                                  * min/max values */
    1539           0 :                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1540           0 :                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1541           0 :                                 for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1542           0 :                                         o[i] = oid_nil;
    1543           0 :                                 b->tnil = true;
    1544             :                         } else {
    1545           0 :                                 oid v = ni.tseq;
    1546             :                                 /* we know min/max of n, so we know
    1547             :                                  * the new min/max of b if those of n
    1548             :                                  * are smaller/larger than the old */
    1549           0 :                                 if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1550           0 :                                         if (v <= BUNtoid(b, bi.minpos))
    1551           0 :                                                 bi.minpos = pos;
    1552           0 :                                         else if (pos <= bi.minpos && bi.minpos < pos + ni.count)
    1553           0 :                                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1554             :                                 }
    1555           0 :                                 if (complex_cand(n)) {
    1556           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1557           0 :                                                 o[i] = *(oid *)Tpos(&ni, i);
    1558             :                                         /* last value */
    1559           0 :                                         v = o[ni.count - 1];
    1560             :                                 } else {
    1561           0 :                                         for (BUN i = 0, j = ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1562           0 :                                                 o[i] = v++;
    1563             :                                         /* last value added (not one beyond) */
    1564           0 :                                         v--;
    1565             :                                 }
    1566           0 :                                 if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1567           0 :                                         if (v >= BUNtoid(b, bi.maxpos))
    1568           0 :                                                 bi.maxpos = pos + ni.count - 1;
    1569           0 :                                         else if (pos <= bi.maxpos && bi.maxpos < pos + ni.count)
    1570           0 :                                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1571             :                                 }
    1572             :                         }
    1573             :                 } else {
    1574             :                         /* if the extremes of n are at least as
    1575             :                          * extreme as those of b, we can replace b's
    1576             :                          * min/max, else we don't know what b's new
    1577             :                          * min/max are*/
    1578       17730 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE && ni.minpos != BUN_NONE &&
    1579         298 :                             atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.minpos)) >= 0) {
    1580         183 :                                 bi.minpos = pos + ni.minpos;
    1581             :                         } else {
    1582       17249 :                                 bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1583             :                         }
    1584       17755 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE && ni.maxpos != BUN_NONE &&
    1585         323 :                             atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), BUNtail(ni, ni.maxpos)) <= 0) {
    1586         236 :                                 bi.maxpos = pos + ni.maxpos;
    1587             :                         } else {
    1588       17196 :                                 bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1589             :                         }
    1590       17432 :                         memcpy(Tloc(b, pos), ni.base,
    1591       17432 :                                ni.count << b->tshift);
    1592             :                 }
    1593             :                 /* either we have a hash that was updated above, or we
    1594             :                  * have no hash; we cannot have the case where there is
    1595             :                  * only a persisted (unloaded) hash since it would have
    1596             :                  * been destroyed above */
    1597       17432 :                 if (b->thash != NULL) {
    1598           7 :                         for (BUN i = pos, j = pos + ni.count; i < j; i++)
    1599           7 :                                 HASHinsert_locked(&bi, i, Tloc(b, i));
    1600           0 :                         if (b->thash)
    1601           0 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1602             :                 }
    1603       17425 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1604       17449 :                 locked = false;
    1605       17449 :                 if (ni.count == BATcount(b)) {
    1606             :                         /* if we replaced all values of b by values
    1607             :                          * from n, we can also copy the min/max
    1608             :                          * properties */
    1609        8753 :                         bi.minpos = ni.minpos;
    1610        8753 :                         bi.maxpos = ni.maxpos;
    1611        8753 :                         if (BATtdensebi(&ni)) {
    1612             :                                 /* replaced all of b with a dense sequence */
    1613          47 :                                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1614          47 :                                 BATtseqbase(b, ni.tseq);
    1615          47 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1616             :                         }
    1617             :                 }
    1618             :         } else {
    1619   170730992 :                 for (BUN i = 0; i < ni.count; i++) {
    1620   170722608 :                         oid updid;
    1621   170722608 :                         if (positions) {
    1622             :                                 /* assert(!autoincr) */
    1623   170722608 :                                 updid = *positions++;
    1624             :                         } else {
    1625           0 :                                 updid = BUNtoid(p, i);
    1626             :                         }
    1627             : 
    1628   170722608 :                         if (updid < b->hseqbase ||
    1629   170722608 :                             (!mayappend && updid >= hseqend)) {
    1630           0 :                                 GDKerror("id out of range\n");
    1631           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1632             :                         }
    1633   170722608 :                         updid -= b->hseqbase;
    1634   170722608 :                         if (!force && updid < b->batInserted) {
    1635           0 :                                 GDKerror("updating committed value\n");
    1636           0 :                                 goto bailout;
    1637             :                         }
    1638             : 
    1639   170722608 :                         const void *new = BUNtloc(ni, i);
    1640             : 
    1641   170722608 :                         if (updid >= BATcount(b)) {
    1642       16058 :                                 assert(mayappend);
    1643       16058 :                                 if (locked) {
    1644           9 :                                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1645           9 :                                         locked = false;
    1646             :                                 }
    1647       16059 :                                 if (b->tminpos != bi.minpos ||
    1648       16057 :                                     b->tmaxpos != bi.maxpos) {
    1649           3 :                                         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1650           3 :                                         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1651           3 :                                         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1652           3 :                                         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1653             :                                 }
    1654       16058 :                                 if (BATcount(b) < updid &&
    1655           0 :                                     BUNappendmulti(b, NULL, (BUN) (updid - BATcount(b)), force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1656           0 :                                         goto bailout;
    1657             :                                 }
    1658       16058 :                                 if (BUNappend(b, new, force) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1659           0 :                                         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1660           0 :                                         return GDK_FAIL;
    1661             :                                 }
    1662       16057 :                                 bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    1663       16057 :                                 continue;
    1664             :                         }
    1665             : 
    1666   170706550 :                         const void *old = BUNtloc(bi, updid);
    1667   170706550 :                         bool isnil = atomcmp(new, nil) == 0;
    1668   166718700 :                         anynil |= isnil;
    1669   166718700 :                         if (b->tnil &&
    1670        1908 :                             !anynil &&
    1671        1908 :                             atomcmp(old, nil) == 0) {
    1672             :                                 /* if old value is nil and no new
    1673             :                                  * value is, we're not sure anymore
    1674             :                                  * about the nil property, so we must
    1675             :                                  * clear it */
    1676        1904 :                                 b->tnil = false;
    1677             :                         }
    1678   166718700 :                         b->tnonil &= !isnil;
    1679   166718700 :                         b->tnil |= isnil;
    1680   166718700 :                         if (bi.maxpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1681       10672 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1682        5334 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), new) < 0) {
    1683             :                                         /* new value is larger than
    1684             :                                          * previous largest */
    1685         137 :                                         bi.maxpos = updid;
    1686        5208 :                                 } else if (atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.maxpos), old) == 0 &&
    1687           7 :                                            atomcmp(new, old) != 0) {
    1688             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1689             :                                          * largest and new value is
    1690             :                                          * smaller, so we don't know
    1691             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1692             :                                          * largest */
    1693           7 :                                         bi.maxpos = BUN_NONE;
    1694             :                                 }
    1695             :                         }
    1696   166718700 :                         if (bi.minpos != BUN_NONE) {
    1697       10672 :                                 if (!isnil &&
    1698        5334 :                                     atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), new) > 0) {
    1699             :                                         /* new value is smaller than
    1700             :                                          * previous smallest */
    1701           6 :                                         bi.minpos = updid;
    1702        5338 :                                 } else if (atomcmp(BUNtloc(bi, bi.minpos), old) == 0 &&
    1703           6 :                                            atomcmp(new, old) != 0) {
    1704             :                                         /* old value is equal to
    1705             :                                          * smallest and new value is
    1706             :                                          * larger, so we don't know
    1707             :                                          * anymore which is the
    1708             :                                          * smallest */
    1709           6 :                                         bi.minpos = BUN_NONE;
    1710             :                                 }
    1711             :                         }
    1712             : 
    1713   166718700 :                         if (!locked) {
    1714        8378 :                                 MT_rwlock_wrlock(&b->thashlock);
    1715        8378 :                                 locked = true;
    1716             :                         }
    1717   166718707 :                         HASHdelete_locked(&bi, updid, old);
    1718   166762211 :                         switch (b->twidth) {
    1719    26913307 :                         case 1:
    1720    26913307 :                                 ((bte *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (bte *) new;
    1721    26913307 :                                 break;
    1722      525041 :                         case 2:
    1723      525041 :                                 ((sht *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (sht *) new;
    1724      525041 :                                 break;
    1725    35203638 :                         case 4:
    1726    35203638 :                                 ((int *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (int *) new;
    1727    35203638 :                                 break;
    1728    98904335 :                         case 8:
    1729    98904335 :                                 ((lng *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (lng *) new;
    1730    98904335 :                                 break;
    1731     5215890 :                         case 16:
    1732             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    1733     5215890 :                                 ((hge *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (hge *) new;
    1734             : #else
    1735             :                                 ((uuid *) b->theap->base)[updid] = * (uuid *) new;
    1736             : #endif
    1737     5215890 :                                 break;
    1738           0 :                         default:
    1739           0 :                                 memcpy(BUNtloc(bi, updid), new, ATOMsize(b->ttype));
    1740           0 :                                 break;
    1741             :                         }
    1742   166762211 :                         HASHinsert_locked(&bi, updid, new);
    1743             :                 }
    1744        8384 :                 if (locked) {
    1745        8375 :                         if (b->thash)
    1746           0 :                                 nunique = b->thash->nunique;
    1747        8375 :                         MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1748        8375 :                         locked = false;
    1749             :                 }
    1750             :         }
    1751       28701 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1752       28671 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    1753       28692 :         if (nunique != 0)
    1754           2 :                 b->tunique_est = (double) nunique;
    1755       28692 :         b->tminpos = bi.minpos;
    1756       28692 :         b->tmaxpos = bi.maxpos;
    1757       28692 :         b->theap->dirty = true;
    1758       28692 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    1759       28706 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO,
    1760             :                   "BATreplace(" ALGOBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOBATFMT ") " LLFMT " usec\n",
    1761             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(p), ALGOBATPAR(n),
    1762             :                   GDKusec() - t0);
    1763             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    1764             : 
    1765           0 :   bailout:
    1766           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&ni);
    1767           0 :         if (locked) {
    1768           0 :                 Hash *h = b->thash;
    1769           0 :                 b->thash = NULL;
    1770           0 :                 MT_rwlock_wrunlock(&b->thashlock);
    1771           0 :                 doHASHdestroy(b, h);
    1772             :         }
    1773             :         return GDK_FAIL;
    1774             : }
    1775             : 
    1776             : /* replace values from b at locations specified in p with values in n */
    1777             : gdk_return
    1778      214885 : BATreplace(BAT *b, BAT *p, BAT *n, bool force)
    1779             : {
    1780      214885 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, p, NULL, n, false, false, force);
    1781             : }
    1782             : 
    1783             : /* like BATreplace, but p may specify locations beyond the end of b */
    1784             : gdk_return
    1785        1033 : BATupdate(BAT *b, BAT *p, BAT *n, bool force)
    1786             : {
    1787        1033 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, p, NULL, n, true, false, force);
    1788             : }
    1789             : 
    1790             : #if 0                           /* not used */
    1791             : /* like BATreplace, but the positions are given by an array of oid values */
    1792             : gdk_return
    1793             : BATreplacepos(BAT *b, const oid *positions, BAT *n, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1794             : {
    1795             :         return BATappend_or_update(b, NULL, positions, n, false, autoincr, force);
    1796             : }
    1797             : #endif
    1798             : 
    1799             : /* like BATreplace, but the positions are given by an array of oid
    1800             :  * values, and they may specify locations beyond the end of b */
    1801             : gdk_return
    1802         176 : BATupdatepos(BAT *b, const oid *positions, BAT *n, bool autoincr, bool force)
    1803             : {
    1804         176 :         return BATappend_or_update(b, NULL, positions, n, true, autoincr, force);
    1805             : }
    1806             : 
    1807             : /*
    1808             :  *  BAT Selections
    1809             :  * The BAT selectors are among the most heavily used operators.
    1810             :  * Their efficient implementation is therefore mandatory.
    1811             :  *
    1812             :  * BAT slice
    1813             :  * This function returns a horizontal slice from a BAT. It optimizes
    1814             :  * execution by avoiding to copy when the BAT is memory mapped (in
    1815             :  * this case, an independent submap is created) or else when it is
    1816             :  * read-only, then a VIEW bat is created as a result.
    1817             :  *
    1818             :  * If a new copy has to be created, this function takes care to
    1819             :  * preserve void-columns (in this case, the seqbase has to be
    1820             :  * recomputed in the result).
    1821             :  *
    1822             :  * The selected range is excluding the high value.
    1823             :  */
    1824             : BAT *
    1825    12050702 : BATslice(BAT *b, BUN l, BUN h)
    1826             : {
    1827    12050702 :         BUN low = l;
    1828    12050702 :         BAT *bn = NULL;
    1829             : 
    1830    12050702 :         BATcheck(b, NULL);
    1831    12050702 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator(b);
    1832    12064160 :         if (l > bi.count)
    1833             :                 l = bi.count;
    1834    12064160 :         if (h > bi.count)
    1835             :                 h = bi.count;
    1836    12064160 :         if (h < l)
    1837             :                 h = l;
    1838             : 
    1839    12064160 :         if (complex_cand(b)) {
    1840             :                 /* slicing a candidate list with exceptions */
    1841          95 :                 struct canditer ci;
    1842          95 :                 canditer_init(&ci, NULL, b);
    1843          95 :                 if (b->hseqbase + l >= ci.hseq) {
    1844          95 :                         l = b->hseqbase + l - ci.hseq;
    1845          95 :                         h = b->hseqbase + h - ci.hseq;
    1846             :                 } else {
    1847           0 :                         l = 0;
    1848           0 :                         if (b->hseqbase + h >= ci.hseq)
    1849           0 :                                 h = b->hseqbase + h - ci.hseq;
    1850             :                         else
    1851             :                                 h = 0;
    1852             :                 }
    1853          95 :                 bn = canditer_slice(&ci, l, h);
    1854          95 :                 goto doreturn;
    1855             :         }
    1856             :         /* If the source BAT is readonly, then we can obtain a VIEW
    1857             :          * that just reuses the memory of the source. */
    1858    12064065 :         if (ATOMstorage(b->ttype) == TYPE_msk) {
    1859             :                 /* forget about slices for bit masks: we can't deal
    1860             :                  * with difference in alignment, so we'll just make a
    1861             :                  * copy */
    1862           0 :                 bn = COLnew((oid) (b->hseqbase + low), b->ttype, h - l, TRANSIENT);
    1863             :                 /* we use BATappend with a candidate list to easily
    1864             :                  * copy the part of b that we need */
    1865           0 :                 BAT *s = BATdense(0, (oid) (b->hseqbase + low), h - l);
    1866           0 :                 if (bn == NULL ||
    1867           0 :                     s == NULL ||
    1868           0 :                     BATappend(bn, b, s, false) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1869           0 :                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    1870           0 :                         BBPreclaim(s);
    1871           0 :                         bn = NULL;
    1872           0 :                         goto doreturn;
    1873             :                 }
    1874           0 :                 BBPunfix(s->batCacheid);
    1875           0 :                 goto doreturn;
    1876             :         }
    1877    12064065 :         restrict_t prestricted;
    1878    14032085 :         if (bi.restricted == BAT_READ && VIEWtparent(b)) {
    1879     1963480 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(VIEWtparent(b));
    1880     1963480 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    1881     1962532 :                 prestricted = pb->batRestricted;
    1882     1962532 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    1883             :         } else {
    1884             :                 prestricted = BAT_WRITE; /* just initialize with anything */
    1885             :         }
    1886    12068605 :         if (bi.restricted == BAT_READ &&
    1887    12014031 :             (!VIEWtparent(b) || prestricted == BAT_READ)) {
    1888    12013984 :                 bn = VIEWcreate(b->hseqbase + low, b, l, h);
    1889    12013984 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    1890             :                         goto doreturn;
    1891             :         } else {
    1892             :                 /* create a new BAT and put everything into it */
    1893       54621 :                 BUN p = l;
    1894       54621 :                 BUN q = h;
    1895             : 
    1896       54621 :                 bn = COLnew((oid) (b->hseqbase + low), BATtdensebi(&bi) || (b->ttype == TYPE_oid && h == l) ? TYPE_void : b->ttype, h - l, TRANSIENT);
    1897       54690 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    1898           0 :                         goto doreturn;
    1899             : 
    1900       54690 :                 if (bn->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    1901       37021 :                         BATsetcount(bn, h - l);
    1902       36980 :                         BATtseqbase(bn, is_oid_nil(bi.tseq) ? oid_nil : h == l ? 0 : (oid) (bi.tseq + low));
    1903       17669 :                 } else if (bn->tvheap == NULL) {
    1904       11111 :                         assert(BATatoms[bn->ttype].atomPut == NULL);
    1905       11111 :                         memcpy(Tloc(bn, 0), (const char *) bi.base + (p << bi.shift),
    1906       11111 :                                (q - p) << bn->tshift);
    1907       11111 :                         bn->theap->dirty = true;
    1908       11111 :                         BATsetcount(bn, h - l);
    1909             :                 } else {
    1910     1683738 :                         for (; p < q; p++) {
    1911     1677232 :                                 if (bunfastapp(bn, BUNtail(bi, p)) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    1912           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    1913           0 :                                         bn = NULL;
    1914           0 :                                         goto doreturn;
    1915             :                                 }
    1916             :                         }
    1917             :                 }
    1918       54511 :                 bn->theap->dirty = true;
    1919       54511 :                 bn->tsorted = bi.sorted || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1920       54511 :                 bn->trevsorted = bi.revsorted || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1921       54511 :                 bn->tkey = bi.key || bn->batCount <= 1;
    1922       54511 :                 bn->tnonil = bi.nonil;
    1923       54511 :                 bn->tnil = false; /* we don't know */
    1924       54511 :                 if (bi.nosorted > l && bi.nosorted < h && !bn->tsorted)
    1925        2312 :                         bn->tnosorted = bi.nosorted - l;
    1926             :                 else
    1927       52199 :                         bn->tnosorted = 0;
    1928       54511 :                 if (bi.norevsorted > l && bi.norevsorted < h && !bn->trevsorted)
    1929        4720 :                         bn->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted - l;
    1930             :                 else
    1931       49791 :                         bn->tnorevsorted = 0;
    1932       54511 :                 if (bi.nokey[0] >= l && bi.nokey[0] < h &&
    1933       44371 :                     bi.nokey[1] >= l && bi.nokey[1] < h &&
    1934         429 :                     bi.nokey[0] != bi.nokey[1] &&
    1935             :                     !bn->tkey) {
    1936         430 :                         bn->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] - l;
    1937         430 :                         bn->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] - l;
    1938             :                 } else {
    1939       54081 :                         bn->tnokey[0] = bn->tnokey[1] = 0;
    1940             :                 }
    1941             :         }
    1942    12069223 :   doreturn:
    1943    12069223 :         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    1944    12068614 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",lo=" BUNFMT ",hi=" BUNFMT " -> "
    1945             :                   ALGOOPTBATFMT "\n",
    1946             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), l, h, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn));
    1947             :         return bn;
    1948             : }
    1949             : 
    1950             : #define BAT_ORDERED(TPE)                                                \
    1951             :         do {                                                            \
    1952             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    1953             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    1954             :                         if (vals[p - 1] > vals[p]) {                 \
    1955             :                                 b->tnosorted = p;                    \
    1956             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    1957             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    1958             :                         } else if (vals[p - 1] < vals[p]) {          \
    1959             :                                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) { \
    1960             :                                         b->tnorevsorted = p;         \
    1961             :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1962             :                                 }                                       \
    1963             :                         } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {       \
    1964             :                                 b->tnokey[0] = p - 1;                        \
    1965             :                                 b->tnokey[1] = p;                    \
    1966             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1967             :                         }                                               \
    1968             :                 }                                                       \
    1969             :         } while (0)
    1970             : 
    1971             : #define BAT_ORDERED_FP(TPE)                                             \
    1972             :         do {                                                            \
    1973             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    1974             :                 TPE prev = vals[0];                                     \
    1975             :                 bool prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(prev);                    \
    1976             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    1977             :                         TPE next = vals[p];                             \
    1978             :                         int cmp = prevnil ? -!(prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(next)) : (prevnil = is_##TPE##_nil(next)) ? 1 : (prev > next) - (prev < next); \
    1979             :                         prev = next;                                    \
    1980             :                         if (cmp > 0) {                                       \
    1981             :                                 b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;              \
    1982             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    1983             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    1984             :                         } else if (cmp < 0) {                                \
    1985             :                                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) { \
    1986             :                                         b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p; \
    1987             :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1988             :                                 }                                       \
    1989             :                         } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {       \
    1990             :                                 b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;  \
    1991             :                                 b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;              \
    1992             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b)); \
    1993             :                         }                                               \
    1994             :                 }                                                       \
    1995             :         } while (0)
    1996             : 
    1997             : /* Return whether the BAT is ordered or not.  If we don't know, invest
    1998             :  * in a scan and record the results in the bat descriptor.  If during
    1999             :  * the scan we happen to find evidence that the BAT is not reverse
    2000             :  * sorted, we record the location.  */
    2001             : bool
    2002     3052295 : BATordered(BAT *b)
    2003             : {
    2004     3052295 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2005     3053127 :         bool sorted;
    2006             : 
    2007     3053127 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2008     3053556 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void || b->tsorted || BATcount(b) == 0) {
    2009      442279 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2010      442367 :                 return true;
    2011             :         }
    2012     2611277 :         if (b->tnosorted > 0 || !ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
    2013     2117910 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2014     2117918 :                 return false;
    2015             :         }
    2016             : 
    2017             :         /* There are a few reasons why we need a lock here.  It may be
    2018             :          * that multiple threads call this functions at the same time
    2019             :          * (happens a lot with mitosis/mergetable), but we only need to
    2020             :          * scan the bat in one thread: the others can reap the rewards
    2021             :          * when that one thread is done.  Also, we need the heap to
    2022             :          * remain accessible (could have used bat_iterator for that),
    2023             :          * and, and this is the killer argument, we may need to make
    2024             :          * changes to the bat descriptor. */
    2025      493367 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    2026      493367 :         if (!b->tsorted && b->tnosorted == 0) {
    2027      888171 :                 switch (ATOMbasetype(b->ttype)) {
    2028       95212 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2029   127085876 :                         BAT_ORDERED(bte);
    2030             :                         break;
    2031       10429 :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2032     1637369 :                         BAT_ORDERED(sht);
    2033             :                         break;
    2034      323363 :                 case TYPE_int:
    2035   119593562 :                         BAT_ORDERED(int);
    2036             :                         break;
    2037       10167 :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2038    62269228 :                         BAT_ORDERED(lng);
    2039             :                         break;
    2040             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2041         378 :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2042     8002684 :                         BAT_ORDERED(hge);
    2043             :                         break;
    2044             : #endif
    2045         974 :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2046     8007244 :                         BAT_ORDERED_FP(flt);
    2047             :                         break;
    2048         794 :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2049     8234249 :                         BAT_ORDERED_FP(dbl);
    2050             :                         break;
    2051             :                 case TYPE_str:
    2052    21431497 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2053    21416825 :                                 int c;
    2054    21416825 :                                 const char *p1 = BUNtvar(bi, p - 1);
    2055    21416825 :                                 const char *p2 = BUNtvar(bi, p);
    2056    21416825 :                                 if (p1 == p2)
    2057             :                                         c = 0;
    2058     2269317 :                                 else if (p1[0] == '\200') {
    2059        1765 :                                         if (p2[0] == '\200')
    2060             :                                                 c = 0;
    2061             :                                         else
    2062             :                                                 c = -1;
    2063     2267552 :                                 } else if (p2[0] == '\200')
    2064             :                                         c = 1;
    2065             :                                 else
    2066     2266425 :                                         c = strcmp(p1, p2);
    2067     2266425 :                                 if (c > 0) {
    2068       37197 :                                         b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;
    2069       37197 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2070       37197 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2071    21379628 :                                 } else if (c < 0) {
    2072     2232086 :                                         assert(!b->trevsorted);
    2073     2232086 :                                         if (b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2074       17338 :                                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;
    2075       17338 :                                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2076             :                                         }
    2077    19147542 :                                 } else if (b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2078        4942 :                                         assert(!b->tkey);
    2079        4942 :                                         b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;
    2080        4942 :                                         b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;
    2081    21379628 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2082             :                                 }
    2083             :                         }
    2084             :                         break;
    2085         186 :                 default: {
    2086         186 :                         int (*cmpf)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    2087        2482 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2088        2437 :                                 int c;
    2089        2437 :                                 if ((c = cmpf(BUNtail(bi, p - 1), BUNtail(bi, p))) > 0) {
    2090         141 :                                         b->tnosorted = bi.nosorted = p;
    2091         141 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nosorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2092         141 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2093        2296 :                                 } else if (c < 0) {
    2094        2246 :                                         if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2095          90 :                                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;
    2096          90 :                                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2097             :                                         }
    2098          50 :                                 } else if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2099           8 :                                         b->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0] = p - 1;
    2100           8 :                                         b->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1] = p;
    2101        2296 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed nokey(" BUNFMT "," BUNFMT") for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", p - 1, p, ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2102             :                                 }
    2103             :                         }
    2104             :                         break;
    2105             :                 }
    2106             :                 }
    2107             :                 /* we only get here if we completed the scan; note that
    2108             :                  * if we didn't record evidence about *reverse*
    2109             :                  * sortedness, we know that the BAT is also reverse
    2110             :                  * sorted; similarly, if we didn't record evidence about
    2111             :                  * keyness, we know the BAT is key */
    2112      155180 :                 b->tsorted = bi.sorted = true;
    2113      155180 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed sorted for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2114      155734 :                 if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2115       69184 :                         b->trevsorted = bi.revsorted = true;
    2116       69184 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed revsorted for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2117             :                 }
    2118      155734 :                 if (!b->tkey && b->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2119       52229 :                         b->tkey = bi.key = true;
    2120       52229 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed key for " ALGOBATFMT "\n", ALGOBATPAR(b));
    2121             :                 }
    2122             :         }
    2123      155734 :   doreturn:
    2124      493928 :         sorted = b->tsorted;
    2125      493928 :         bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    2126      493928 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2127      494446 :         if (pbid) {
    2128      278145 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(pbid);
    2129      278145 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    2130      278145 :                 if (bi.count == BATcount(pb) &&
    2131      202223 :                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    2132      202223 :                     bi.type == pb->ttype) {
    2133             :                         /* add to knowledge in parent bat */
    2134      202212 :                         pb->tsorted |= bi.sorted;
    2135      202212 :                         if (pb->tnosorted == 0)
    2136      202212 :                                 pb->tnosorted = bi.nosorted;
    2137      202212 :                         pb->trevsorted |= bi.revsorted;
    2138      202212 :                         if (pb->tnorevsorted == 0)
    2139       32984 :                                 pb->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted;
    2140      202212 :                         pb->tkey |= bi.key;
    2141      202212 :                         if (pb->tnokey[1] == 0) {
    2142      179281 :                                 pb->tnokey[0] = bi.nokey[0];
    2143      179281 :                                 pb->tnokey[1] = bi.nokey[1];
    2144             :                         }
    2145             :                 }
    2146      278145 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    2147             :         }
    2148             :         return sorted;
    2149             : }
    2150             : 
    2151             : #define BAT_REVORDERED(TPE)                                             \
    2152             :         do {                                                            \
    2153             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    2154             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    2155             :                         if (vals[p - 1] < vals[p]) {                 \
    2156             :                                 b->tnorevsorted = p;                 \
    2157             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    2158             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    2159             :                         }                                               \
    2160             :                 }                                                       \
    2161             :         } while (0)
    2162             : 
    2163             : #define BAT_REVORDERED_FP(TPE)                                          \
    2164             :         do {                                                            \
    2165             :                 const TPE *restrict vals = Tloc(b, 0);                  \
    2166             :                 for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {               \
    2167             :                         TPE prev = vals[p - 1], next = vals[p];         \
    2168             :                         int cmp = is_flt_nil(prev) ? -!is_flt_nil(next) : is_flt_nil(next) ? 1 : (prev > next) - (prev < next);   \
    2169             :                         if (cmp < 0) {                                       \
    2170             :                                 b->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted = p;        \
    2171             :                                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0); \
    2172             :                                 goto doreturn;                          \
    2173             :                         }                                               \
    2174             :                 }                                                       \
    2175             :         } while (0)
    2176             : 
    2177             : /* Return whether the BAT is reverse ordered or not.  If we don't
    2178             :  * know, invest in a scan and record the results in the bat
    2179             :  * descriptor.  */
    2180             : bool
    2181     2917259 : BATordered_rev(BAT *b)
    2182             : {
    2183     2917259 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2184     2918003 :         bool revsorted;
    2185             : 
    2186     2918003 :         if (b == NULL || !ATOMlinear(b->ttype))
    2187             :                 return false;
    2188     2918003 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2189     2917886 :         if (BATcount(b) <= 1 || b->trevsorted) {
    2190      265371 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2191      265376 :                 return true;
    2192             :         }
    2193     2652515 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2194       23157 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2195       23166 :                 return is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase);
    2196             :         }
    2197     2629358 :         if (BATtdense(b) || b->tnorevsorted > 0) {
    2198     2527292 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2199     2527299 :                 return false;
    2200             :         }
    2201      102066 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator_nolock(b);
    2202      102066 :         if (!b->trevsorted && b->tnorevsorted == 0) {
    2203      167011 :                 switch (ATOMbasetype(b->ttype)) {
    2204       35242 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2205    10972218 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(bte);
    2206             :                         break;
    2207        4434 :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2208     3161557 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(sht);
    2209             :                         break;
    2210       36125 :                 case TYPE_int:
    2211     1302113 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(int);
    2212             :                         break;
    2213        4776 :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2214     2685473 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(lng);
    2215             :                         break;
    2216             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2217         123 :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2218         992 :                         BAT_REVORDERED(hge);
    2219             :                         break;
    2220             : #endif
    2221         511 :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2222        1997 :                         BAT_REVORDERED_FP(flt);
    2223             :                         break;
    2224         322 :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2225      485511 :                         BAT_REVORDERED_FP(dbl);
    2226             :                         break;
    2227       20533 :                 default: {
    2228       20533 :                         int (*cmpf)(const void *, const void *) = ATOMcompare(b->ttype);
    2229      580753 :                         for (BUN q = BATcount(b), p = 1; p < q; p++) {
    2230      577391 :                                 if (cmpf(BUNtail(bi, p - 1), BUNtail(bi, p)) < 0) {
    2231       17170 :                                         b->tnorevsorted = p;
    2232       17170 :                                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed norevsorted(" BUNFMT ") for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", p, ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2233       17170 :                                         goto doreturn;
    2234             :                                 }
    2235             :                         }
    2236             :                         break;
    2237             :                 }
    2238             :                 }
    2239       26270 :                 b->trevsorted = bi.revsorted = true;
    2240       26270 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "Fixed revsorted for " ALGOBATFMT " (" LLFMT " usec)\n", ALGOBATPAR(b), GDKusec() - t0);
    2241             :         }
    2242       26270 :   doreturn:
    2243      102065 :         revsorted = b->trevsorted;
    2244      102065 :         bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    2245      102065 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2246      102306 :         if (pbid) {
    2247       35399 :                 BAT *pb = BBP_desc(pbid);
    2248       35399 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    2249       35399 :                 if (bi.count == BATcount(pb) &&
    2250        6402 :                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    2251        6402 :                     bi.type == pb->ttype) {
    2252             :                         /* add to knowledge in parent bat */
    2253        6402 :                         pb->trevsorted |= bi.revsorted;
    2254        6402 :                         if (pb->tnorevsorted == 0)
    2255        6402 :                                 pb->tnorevsorted = bi.norevsorted;
    2256             :                 }
    2257       35399 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    2258             :         }
    2259             :         return revsorted;
    2260             : }
    2261             : 
    2262             : /* figure out which sort function is to be called
    2263             :  * stable sort can produce an error (not enough memory available),
    2264             :  * "quick" sort does not produce errors */
    2265             : static gdk_return
    2266     3945688 : do_sort(void *restrict h, void *restrict t, const void *restrict base,
    2267             :         size_t n, int hs, int ts, int tpe, bool reverse, bool nilslast,
    2268             :         bool stable)
    2269             : {
    2270     3945688 :         if (n <= 1)          /* trivially sorted */
    2271             :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2272     2761529 :         switch (tpe) {
    2273     2713220 :         case TYPE_bte:
    2274             :         case TYPE_sht:
    2275             :         case TYPE_int:
    2276             :         case TYPE_lng:
    2277             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2278             :         case TYPE_hge:
    2279             : #endif
    2280             :         case TYPE_date:
    2281             :         case TYPE_daytime:
    2282             :         case TYPE_timestamp:
    2283     2713220 :                 assert(base == NULL);
    2284     2713220 :                 if (nilslast == reverse && (stable || n > 100))
    2285       20367 :                         return GDKrsort(h, t, n, hs, ts, reverse, false);
    2286             :                 break;
    2287           4 :         case TYPE_uuid:
    2288           4 :                 assert(base == NULL);
    2289           4 :                 if (nilslast == reverse && (stable || n > 100))
    2290           1 :                         return GDKrsort(h, t, n, hs, ts, reverse, true);
    2291             :                 break;
    2292             :         default:
    2293             :                 break;
    2294             :         }
    2295       48416 :         if (stable) {
    2296          27 :                 if (reverse)
    2297           0 :                         return GDKssort_rev(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe);
    2298             :                 else
    2299          27 :                         return GDKssort(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe);
    2300             :         } else {
    2301     2741134 :                 GDKqsort(h, t, base, n, hs, ts, tpe, reverse, nilslast);
    2302             :         }
    2303     2741134 :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2304             : }
    2305             : 
    2306             : /* Sort the bat b according to both o and g.  The stable and reverse
    2307             :  * parameters indicate whether the sort should be stable or descending
    2308             :  * respectively.  The parameter b is required, o and g are optional
    2309             :  * (i.e., they may be NULL).
    2310             :  *
    2311             :  * A sorted copy is returned through the sorted parameter, the new
    2312             :  * ordering is returned through the order parameter, group information
    2313             :  * is returned through the groups parameter.  All three output
    2314             :  * parameters may be NULL.  If they're all NULL, this function does
    2315             :  * nothing.
    2316             :  *
    2317             :  * If o is specified, it is used to first rearrange b according to the
    2318             :  * order specified in o, after which b is sorted taking g into
    2319             :  * account.
    2320             :  *
    2321             :  * If g is specified, it indicates groups which should be individually
    2322             :  * ordered.  Each row of consecutive equal values in g indicates a
    2323             :  * group which is sorted according to stable and reverse.  g is used
    2324             :  * after the order in b was rearranged according to o.
    2325             :  *
    2326             :  * The outputs order and groups can be used in subsequent calls to
    2327             :  * this function.  This can be used if multiple BATs need to be sorted
    2328             :  * together.  The BATs should then be sorted in order of significance,
    2329             :  * and each following call should use the original unordered BAT plus
    2330             :  * the order and groups bat from the previous call.  In this case, the
    2331             :  * sorted BATs are not of much use, so the sorted output parameter
    2332             :  * does not need to be specified.
    2333             :  * Apart from error checking and maintaining reference counts, sorting
    2334             :  * three columns (col1, col2, col3) could look like this with the
    2335             :  * sorted results in (col1s, col2s, col3s):
    2336             :  *      BATsort(&col1s, &ord1, &grp1, col1, NULL, NULL, false, false, false);
    2337             :  *      BATsort(&col2s, &ord2, &grp2, col2, ord1, grp1, false, false, false);
    2338             :  *      BATsort(&col3s,  NULL,  NULL, col3, ord2, grp2, false, false, false);
    2339             :  * Note that the "reverse" parameter can be different for each call.
    2340             :  */
    2341             : gdk_return
    2342       31609 : BATsort(BAT **sorted, BAT **order, BAT **groups,
    2343             :         BAT *b, BAT *o, BAT *g, bool reverse, bool nilslast, bool stable)
    2344             : {
    2345       31609 :         BAT *bn = NULL, *on = NULL, *gn = NULL, *pb = NULL;
    2346       31609 :         BATiter pbi;
    2347       31609 :         oid *restrict grps, *restrict ords, prev;
    2348       31609 :         BUN p, q, r;
    2349       31609 :         lng t0 = GDKusec();
    2350       31620 :         bool mkorderidx, orderidxlock = false;
    2351       31620 :         Heap *oidxh = NULL;
    2352             : 
    2353             :         /* we haven't implemented NILs as largest value for stable
    2354             :          * sort, so NILs come first for ascending and last for
    2355             :          * descending */
    2356       31620 :         assert(!stable || reverse == nilslast);
    2357             : 
    2358       31620 :         if (b == NULL) {
    2359           0 :                 GDKerror("b must exist\n");
    2360           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2361             :         }
    2362       31620 :         if (stable && reverse != nilslast) {
    2363           0 :                 GDKerror("stable sort cannot have reverse != nilslast\n");
    2364           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2365             :         }
    2366       31620 :         if (!ATOMlinear(b->ttype)) {
    2367           0 :                 GDKerror("type %s cannot be sorted\n", ATOMname(b->ttype));
    2368           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2369             :         }
    2370       31620 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2371       31617 :         if (b->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2372         149 :                 b->tsorted = true;
    2373         223 :                 if (b->trevsorted != (is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase) || b->batCount <= 1)) {
    2374           0 :                         b->trevsorted = !b->trevsorted;
    2375             :                 }
    2376         298 :                 if (b->tkey != (!is_oid_nil(b->tseqbase) || b->batCount <= 1)) {
    2377           0 :                         b->tkey = !b->tkey;
    2378             :                 }
    2379       31468 :         } else if (b->batCount <= 1) {
    2380        9857 :                 if (!b->tsorted || !b->trevsorted) {
    2381          23 :                         b->tsorted = b->trevsorted = true;
    2382             :                 }
    2383             :         }
    2384       31617 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2385       31624 :         if (o != NULL &&
    2386       17223 :             (ATOMtype(o->ttype) != TYPE_oid || /* oid tail */
    2387       17223 :              BATcount(o) != BATcount(b) ||     /* same size as b */
    2388        6759 :              (o->ttype == TYPE_void &&              /* no nil tail */
    2389        2727 :               BATcount(o) != 0 &&
    2390        2727 :               is_oid_nil(o->tseqbase)))) {
    2391           0 :                 GDKerror("o must have type oid and same size as b\n");
    2392           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2393             :         }
    2394       31624 :         if (g != NULL &&
    2395       17223 :             (ATOMtype(g->ttype) != TYPE_oid || /* oid tail */
    2396       17223 :              !g->tsorted ||                 /* sorted */
    2397       17223 :              BATcount(g) != BATcount(b) ||     /* same size as b */
    2398        6886 :              (g->ttype == TYPE_void &&              /* no nil tail */
    2399        2854 :               BATcount(g) != 0 &&
    2400        2854 :               is_oid_nil(g->tseqbase)))) {
    2401           0 :                 GDKerror("g must have type oid, sorted on the tail, "
    2402             :                          "and same size as b\n");
    2403           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2404             :         }
    2405       31624 :         if (sorted == NULL && order == NULL) {
    2406             :                 /* no place to put result, so we're done quickly */
    2407           0 :                 GDKerror("no place to put the result.\n");
    2408           0 :                 return GDK_FAIL;
    2409             :         }
    2410       31624 :         if (g == NULL && !stable) {
    2411             :                 /* pre-ordering doesn't make sense if we're not
    2412             :                  * subsorting and the sort is not stable */
    2413       14120 :                 o = NULL;
    2414             :         }
    2415       31624 :         if (b->tnonil) {
    2416             :                 /* if there are no nils, placement of nils doesn't
    2417             :                  * matter, so set nilslast such that ordered bits can
    2418             :                  * be used */
    2419       23434 :                 nilslast = reverse;
    2420             :         }
    2421       31624 :         pbi = bat_iterator(NULL);
    2422       32948 :         if (BATcount(b) <= 1 ||
    2423       21555 :             (reverse == nilslast &&
    2424             :              (reverse ? b->trevsorted : b->tsorted) &&
    2425        5634 :              o == NULL && g == NULL &&
    2426        3079 :              (groups == NULL || BATtkey(b) ||
    2427             :               (reverse ? b->tsorted : b->trevsorted)))) {
    2428             :                 /* trivially (sub)sorted, and either we don't need to
    2429             :                  * return group information, or we can trivially
    2430             :                  * deduce the groups */
    2431       12066 :                 if (sorted) {
    2432       10302 :                         bn = COLcopy(b, b->ttype, false, TRANSIENT);
    2433       10302 :                         if (bn == NULL)
    2434           0 :                                 goto error;
    2435       10302 :                         *sorted = bn;
    2436             :                 }
    2437       12066 :                 if (order) {
    2438       11171 :                         on = BATdense(b->hseqbase, b->hseqbase, BATcount(b));
    2439       11172 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2440           0 :                                 goto error;
    2441       11172 :                         *order = on;
    2442             :                 }
    2443       12067 :                 if (groups) {
    2444        6366 :                         if (BATtkey(b)) {
    2445             :                                 /* singleton groups */
    2446        5723 :                                 gn = BATdense(b->hseqbase, 0, BATcount(b));
    2447        5723 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2448           0 :                                         goto error;
    2449             :                         } else {
    2450             :                                 /* single group */
    2451         643 :                                 const oid *o = 0;
    2452         643 :                                 assert(BATcount(b) == 1 ||
    2453             :                                        (b->tsorted && b->trevsorted));
    2454         643 :                                 gn = BATconstant(b->hseqbase, TYPE_oid, &o, BATcount(b), TRANSIENT);
    2455         643 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2456           0 :                                         goto error;
    2457             :                         }
    2458        6366 :                         *groups = gn;
    2459             :                 }
    2460       12067 :                 bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2461       12067 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o="
    2462             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2463             :                           ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d) = ("
    2464             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2465             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- trivial (" LLFMT
    2466             :                           " usec)\n",
    2467             :                           ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2468             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast, stable,
    2469             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn),
    2470             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(on), GDKusec() - t0);
    2471       12067 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2472             :         }
    2473       19546 :         if (VIEWtparent(b)) {
    2474        4181 :                 pb = BATdescriptor(VIEWtparent(b));
    2475        4192 :                 if (pb != NULL &&
    2476        4192 :                     (b->tbaseoff != pb->tbaseoff ||
    2477        3331 :                      BATcount(b) != BATcount(pb) ||
    2478        3061 :                      b->hseqbase != pb->hseqbase ||
    2479        3051 :                      BATatoms[b->ttype].atomCmp != BATatoms[pb->ttype].atomCmp)) {
    2480        1142 :                         BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2481        1142 :                         pb = NULL;
    2482             :                 }
    2483             :         } else {
    2484             :                 pb = b;
    2485             :         }
    2486       19557 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2487       19552 :         pbi = bat_iterator(pb);
    2488             :         /* when we will create an order index if it doesn't already exist */
    2489       19554 :         mkorderidx = (g == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && pb != NULL && (order || !pbi.transient));
    2490       19554 :         if (g == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && pb != NULL) {
    2491        6377 :                 (void) BATcheckorderidx(pb);
    2492        6377 :                 MT_lock_set(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2493        6373 :                 if (pb->torderidx) {
    2494          61 :                         if (!stable || ((oid *) pb->torderidx->base)[2]) {
    2495             :                                 /* we can use the order index */
    2496          61 :                                 oidxh = pb->torderidx;
    2497          61 :                                 HEAPincref(oidxh);
    2498             :                         }
    2499             :                         mkorderidx = false;
    2500        6312 :                 } else if (b != pb) {
    2501             :                         /* don't build orderidx on parent bat */
    2502             :                         mkorderidx = false;
    2503        5242 :                 } else if (mkorderidx) {
    2504             :                         /* keep lock when going to create */
    2505        4617 :                         orderidxlock = true;
    2506             :                 }
    2507        6373 :                 if (!orderidxlock)
    2508        1756 :                         MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2509             :         }
    2510       19553 :         if (g == NULL && o == NULL && !reverse && !nilslast && oidxh != NULL) {
    2511             :                 /* there is an order index that we can use */
    2512          61 :                 on = COLnew(pb->hseqbase, TYPE_oid, pbi.count, TRANSIENT);
    2513          61 :                 if (on == NULL)
    2514           0 :                         goto error;
    2515          61 :                 memcpy(Tloc(on, 0), (oid *) oidxh->base + ORDERIDXOFF, pbi.count * sizeof(oid));
    2516          61 :                 BATsetcount(on, BATcount(b));
    2517          61 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2518          61 :                 oidxh = NULL;
    2519          61 :                 on->tkey = true;
    2520          61 :                 on->tnil = false;
    2521          61 :                 on->tnonil = true;
    2522          61 :                 on->tsorted = on->trevsorted = false;
    2523          61 :                 on->tseqbase = oid_nil;
    2524          61 :                 if (sorted || groups) {
    2525          61 :                         bn = BATproject(on, b);
    2526          61 :                         if (bn == NULL)
    2527           0 :                                 goto error;
    2528          61 :                         bn->tsorted = true;
    2529          61 :                         if (groups) {
    2530           6 :                                 if (BATgroup_internal(groups, NULL, NULL, bn, NULL, g, NULL, NULL, true) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2531           0 :                                         goto error;
    2532           6 :                                 if (sorted &&
    2533           6 :                                     (*groups)->tkey &&
    2534             :                                     g == NULL) {
    2535             :                                         /* if new groups bat is key
    2536             :                                          * and since there is no input
    2537             :                                          * groups bat, we know the
    2538             :                                          * result bat is key */
    2539           4 :                                         bn->tkey = true;
    2540             :                                 }
    2541             :                         }
    2542          61 :                         if (sorted)
    2543          61 :                                 *sorted = bn;
    2544             :                         else {
    2545           0 :                                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2546           0 :                                 bn = NULL;
    2547             :                         }
    2548             :                 }
    2549          61 :                 if (order)
    2550          11 :                         *order = on;
    2551             :                 else {
    2552          50 :                         BBPunfix(on->batCacheid);
    2553          50 :                         on = NULL;
    2554             :                 }
    2555          61 :                 bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2556          61 :                 TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o="
    2557             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2558             :                           ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d) = ("
    2559             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2560             :                           ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- orderidx (" LLFMT
    2561             :                           " usec)\n",
    2562             :                           ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2563             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast, stable,
    2564             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn),
    2565             :                           ALGOOPTBATPAR(on), GDKusec() - t0);
    2566          61 :                 if (pb != NULL && pb != b)
    2567          53 :                         BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2568          61 :                 return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2569       12595 :         } else if (oidxh) {
    2570           0 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2571           0 :                 oidxh = NULL;
    2572             :         }
    2573       19487 :         if (o) {
    2574       12051 :                 bn = BATproject(o, b);
    2575       12051 :                 if (bn == NULL)
    2576           0 :                         goto error;
    2577       12051 :                 if (bn->ttype == TYPE_void || isVIEW(bn)) {
    2578        5482 :                         BAT *b2 = COLcopy(bn, ATOMtype(bn->ttype), true, TRANSIENT);
    2579        2741 :                         BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2580        2741 :                         bn = b2;
    2581             :                 }
    2582       12050 :                 if (pb) {
    2583       11512 :                         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2584       11514 :                         if (pb != b)
    2585        1619 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2586       11515 :                         pbi = bat_iterator(NULL);
    2587       11515 :                         pb = NULL;
    2588             :                 }
    2589             :         } else {
    2590        7436 :                 bn = COLcopy(b, b->ttype, true, TRANSIENT);
    2591             :         }
    2592       19470 :         if (bn == NULL)
    2593           0 :                 goto error;
    2594       19470 :         if (order) {
    2595             :                 /* prepare order bat */
    2596       16559 :                 if (o) {
    2597             :                         /* make copy of input so that we can refine it;
    2598             :                          * copy can be read-only if we take the shortcut
    2599             :                          * below in the case g is "key" */
    2600       10288 :                         on = COLcopy(o, TYPE_oid,
    2601       10288 :                                      g == NULL ||
    2602       10289 :                                      !(g->tkey || g->ttype == TYPE_void),
    2603             :                                      TRANSIENT);
    2604       10291 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2605           0 :                                 goto error;
    2606       10291 :                         BAThseqbase(on, b->hseqbase);
    2607       10289 :                         on->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    2608       10289 :                         on->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    2609             :                 } else {
    2610             :                         /* create new order */
    2611        6271 :                         on = COLnew(b->hseqbase, TYPE_oid, BATcount(bn), TRANSIENT);
    2612        6281 :                         if (on == NULL)
    2613           0 :                                 goto error;
    2614        6281 :                         ords = (oid *) Tloc(on, 0);
    2615    29985070 :                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(bn); p < q; p++)
    2616    29978789 :                                 ords[p] = p + b->hseqbase;
    2617        6281 :                         BATsetcount(on, BATcount(bn));
    2618        6282 :                         on->tkey = true;
    2619        6282 :                         on->tnil = false;
    2620        6282 :                         on->tnonil = true;
    2621             :                 }
    2622             :                 /* COLcopy above can create TYPE_void */
    2623       16571 :                 if (on->ttype != TYPE_void) {
    2624       15805 :                         on->tsorted = on->trevsorted = false; /* it won't be sorted */
    2625       15805 :                         on->tseqbase = oid_nil;      /* and hence not dense */
    2626       15805 :                         on->tnosorted = on->tnorevsorted = 0;
    2627             :                 }
    2628       16571 :                 *order = on;
    2629       16571 :                 ords = (oid *) Tloc(on, 0);
    2630             :         } else {
    2631             :                 ords = NULL;
    2632             :         }
    2633       19482 :         if (g) {
    2634       12053 :                 if (g->tkey || g->ttype == TYPE_void) {
    2635             :                         /* if g is "key", all groups are size 1, so no
    2636             :                          * subsorting needed */
    2637        5082 :                         if (sorted) {
    2638        4604 :                                 *sorted = bn;
    2639             :                         } else {
    2640         478 :                                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2641         478 :                                 bn = NULL;
    2642             :                         }
    2643        5083 :                         if (order) {
    2644        3905 :                                 *order = on;
    2645        3905 :                                 if (o) {
    2646             :                                         /* we can inherit sortedness
    2647             :                                          * after all */
    2648        3905 :                                         on->tsorted = o->tsorted;
    2649        3905 :                                         on->trevsorted = o->trevsorted;
    2650        3905 :                                         if (o->tnosorted)
    2651          56 :                                                 on->tnosorted = o->tnosorted;
    2652        3905 :                                         if (o->tnorevsorted)
    2653          74 :                                                 on->tnorevsorted = o->tnorevsorted;
    2654             :                                 } else {
    2655             :                                         /* we didn't rearrange, so
    2656             :                                          * still sorted */
    2657           0 :                                         on->tsorted = true;
    2658           0 :                                         on->trevsorted = false;
    2659             :                                 }
    2660        3905 :                                 if (BATcount(on) <= 1) {
    2661           0 :                                         on->tsorted = true;
    2662           0 :                                         on->trevsorted = true;
    2663             :                                 }
    2664             :                         }
    2665        5083 :                         if (groups) {
    2666        2912 :                                 gn = COLcopy(g, g->ttype, false, TRANSIENT);
    2667        2910 :                                 if (gn == NULL)
    2668           0 :                                         goto error;
    2669        2910 :                                 *groups = gn;
    2670             :                         }
    2671        5081 :                         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2672        5081 :                         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT
    2673             :                                   ",o=" ALGOOPTBATFMT ",g=" ALGOBATFMT
    2674             :                                   ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,stable=%d"
    2675             :                                   ") = (" ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2676             :                                   ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2677             :                                   " -- key group (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
    2678             :                                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o),
    2679             :                                   ALGOBATPAR(g), reverse, nilslast,
    2680             :                                   stable, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn),
    2681             :                                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(on),
    2682             :                                   GDKusec() - t0);
    2683        5081 :                         if (pb != NULL && pb != b)
    2684           0 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2685        5081 :                         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2686             :                 }
    2687        6971 :                 assert(g->ttype == TYPE_oid);
    2688        6971 :                 grps = (oid *) Tloc(g, 0);
    2689        6971 :                 prev = grps[0];
    2690        6971 :                 if (BATmaterialize(bn, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2691           0 :                         goto error;
    2692    44650988 :                 for (r = 0, p = 1, q = BATcount(g); p < q; p++) {
    2693    44644017 :                         if (grps[p] != prev) {
    2694             :                                 /* sub sort [r,p) */
    2695     7594588 :                                 if (do_sort(Tloc(bn, r),
    2696     3662572 :                                             ords ? ords + r : NULL,
    2697     3932016 :                                             bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2698     3932016 :                                             p - r, bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2699     3932016 :                                             bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2700           0 :                                         goto error;
    2701     3932014 :                                 r = p;
    2702     3932014 :                                 prev = grps[p];
    2703             :                         }
    2704             :                 }
    2705             :                 /* sub sort [r,q) */
    2706       13358 :                 if (do_sort(Tloc(bn, r),
    2707        6387 :                             ords ? ords + r : NULL,
    2708        6971 :                             bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2709        6971 :                             p - r, bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2710        6971 :                             bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2711           0 :                         goto error;
    2712             :                 /* if single group (r==0) the result is (rev)sorted,
    2713             :                  * otherwise (maybe) not */
    2714        6971 :                 bn->tsorted = r == 0 && !reverse && !nilslast;
    2715       13907 :                 bn->trevsorted = r == 0 && reverse && nilslast;
    2716             :         } else {
    2717        7429 :                 Heap *m = NULL;
    2718             :                 /* only invest in creating an order index if the BAT
    2719             :                  * is persistent */
    2720        7429 :                 if (mkorderidx) {
    2721        4614 :                         assert(orderidxlock);
    2722        4614 :                         if ((m = createOIDXheap(pb, stable)) != NULL &&
    2723             :                             ords == NULL) {
    2724           0 :                                 ords = (oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF;
    2725           0 :                                 if (o && o->ttype != TYPE_void)
    2726           0 :                                         memcpy(ords, Tloc(o, 0), BATcount(o) * sizeof(oid));
    2727           0 :                                 else if (o)
    2728           0 :                                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(o); p < q; p++)
    2729           0 :                                                 ords[p] = p + o->tseqbase;
    2730             :                                 else
    2731           0 :                                         for (p = 0, q = BATcount(b); p < q; p++)
    2732           0 :                                                 ords[p] = p + b->hseqbase;
    2733             :                         }
    2734             :                 }
    2735        7432 :                 if ((reverse != nilslast ||
    2736       14045 :                      (reverse ? !bn->trevsorted : !bn->tsorted)) &&
    2737       13427 :                     (BATmaterialize(bn, BUN_NONE) != GDK_SUCCEED ||
    2738        6715 :                      do_sort(Tloc(bn, 0),
    2739             :                              ords,
    2740        6715 :                              bn->tvheap ? bn->tvheap->base : NULL,
    2741        6715 :                              BATcount(bn), bn->twidth, ords ? sizeof(oid) : 0,
    2742        6715 :                              bn->ttype, reverse, nilslast, stable) != GDK_SUCCEED)) {
    2743           0 :                         if (m != NULL) {
    2744           0 :                                 HEAPfree(m, true);
    2745           0 :                                 GDKfree(m);
    2746             :                         }
    2747           0 :                         goto error;
    2748             :                 }
    2749        7440 :                 bn->tsorted = !reverse && !nilslast;
    2750        7440 :                 bn->trevsorted = reverse && nilslast;
    2751        7440 :                 if (m != NULL) {
    2752        4617 :                         assert(orderidxlock);
    2753        4617 :                         if (pb->torderidx == NULL) {
    2754        4617 :                                 if (ords != (oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF) {
    2755        4617 :                                         memcpy((oid *) m->base + ORDERIDXOFF,
    2756             :                                                ords,
    2757        4617 :                                                pbi.count * sizeof(oid));
    2758             :                                 }
    2759        4617 :                                 pb->torderidx = m;
    2760        4617 :                                 persistOIDX(pb);
    2761             :                         } else {
    2762           0 :                                 HEAPfree(m, true);
    2763           0 :                                 GDKfree(m);
    2764             :                         }
    2765             :                 }
    2766             :         }
    2767       14409 :         if (orderidxlock) {
    2768        4615 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2769        4616 :                 orderidxlock = false;
    2770             :         }
    2771       14411 :         bn->theap->dirty = true;
    2772       14411 :         bn->tnosorted = 0;
    2773       14411 :         bn->tnorevsorted = 0;
    2774       14411 :         bn->tnokey[0] = bn->tnokey[1] = 0;
    2775       14411 :         bn->tminpos = BUN_NONE;
    2776       14411 :         bn->tmaxpos = BUN_NONE;
    2777       14411 :         if (groups) {
    2778        8760 :                 if (BATgroup_internal(groups, NULL, NULL, bn, NULL, g, NULL, NULL, true) != GDK_SUCCEED)
    2779           0 :                         goto error;
    2780        8758 :                 if ((*groups)->tkey &&
    2781         957 :                     (g == NULL || (g->tsorted && g->trevsorted))) {
    2782             :                         /* if new groups bat is key and the input
    2783             :                          * group bat has a single value (both sorted
    2784             :                          * and revsorted), we know the result bat is
    2785             :                          * key */
    2786        1169 :                         bn->tkey = true;
    2787             :                 }
    2788             :         }
    2789             : 
    2790       14409 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2791       14407 :         if (sorted)
    2792       10546 :                 *sorted = bn;
    2793             :         else {
    2794        3861 :                 BBPunfix(bn->batCacheid);
    2795        3861 :                 bn = NULL;
    2796             :         }
    2797             : 
    2798       14411 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "b=" ALGOBATFMT ",o=" ALGOOPTBATFMT
    2799             :                   ",g=" ALGOOPTBATFMT ",reverse=%d,nilslast=%d,"
    2800             :                   "stable=%d) = (" ALGOOPTBATFMT "," ALGOOPTBATFMT ","
    2801             :                   ALGOOPTBATFMT " -- %ssort (" LLFMT " usec)\n",
    2802             :                   ALGOBATPAR(b), ALGOOPTBATPAR(o), ALGOOPTBATPAR(g),
    2803             :                   reverse, nilslast, stable, ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn),
    2804             :                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(gn), ALGOOPTBATPAR(on),
    2805             :                   g ? "grouped " : "", GDKusec() - t0);
    2806       14411 :         if (pb && pb != b)
    2807        1375 :                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2808             :         return GDK_SUCCEED;
    2809             : 
    2810           0 :   error:
    2811           0 :         bat_iterator_end(&pbi);
    2812           0 :         if (orderidxlock)
    2813           0 :                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->batIdxLock);
    2814           0 :         if (oidxh)
    2815           0 :                 HEAPdecref(oidxh, false);
    2816           0 :         BBPreclaim(bn);
    2817           0 :         if (pb && pb != b)
    2818           0 :                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    2819           0 :         BBPreclaim(on);
    2820           0 :         if (sorted)
    2821           0 :                 *sorted = NULL;
    2822           0 :         if (order)
    2823           0 :                 *order = NULL;
    2824           0 :         if (groups)
    2825           0 :                 *groups = NULL;
    2826             :         return GDK_FAIL;
    2827             : }
    2828             : 
    2829             : /* return a new BAT of length n with seqbase hseq, and the constant v
    2830             :  * in the tail */
    2831             : BAT *
    2832     2113848 : BATconstant(oid hseq, int tailtype, const void *v, BUN n, role_t role)
    2833             : {
    2834     2113848 :         BAT *bn;
    2835     2113848 :         void *restrict p;
    2836     2113848 :         BUN i;
    2837     2113848 :         lng t0 = 0;
    2838             : 
    2839     2113848 :         TRC_DEBUG_IF(ALGO) t0 = GDKusec();
    2840     2113848 :         if (v == NULL)
    2841             :                 return NULL;
    2842     2113848 :         bn = COLnew(hseq, tailtype, n, role);
    2843     2118193 :         if (bn != NULL && n > 0) {
    2844       88836 :                 p = Tloc(bn, 0);
    2845       88836 :                 switch (ATOMstorage(tailtype)) {
    2846          24 :                 case TYPE_void:
    2847          24 :                         v = &oid_nil;
    2848          24 :                         BATtseqbase(bn, oid_nil);
    2849          24 :                         break;
    2850           0 :                 case TYPE_msk:
    2851           0 :                         if (*(msk*)v) {
    2852           0 :                                 memset(p, 0xFF, 4 * ((n + 31) / 32));
    2853           0 :                                 if (n & 31) {
    2854           0 :                                         uint32_t *m = p;
    2855           0 :                                         m[n / 32] &= (1U << (n % 32)) - 1;
    2856             :                                 }
    2857             :                         } else
    2858           0 :                                 memset(p, 0x00, 4 * ((n + 31) / 32));
    2859             :                         break;
    2860       12327 :                 case TYPE_bte:
    2861       12327 :                         memset(p, *(bte*)v, n);
    2862       12327 :                         break;
    2863             :                 case TYPE_sht:
    2864     7161464 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2865     7142814 :                                 ((sht *) p)[i] = *(sht *) v;
    2866             :                         break;
    2867             :                 case TYPE_int:
    2868             :                 case TYPE_flt:
    2869             :                         assert(sizeof(int) == sizeof(flt));
    2870   222716668 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2871   222710314 :                                 ((int *) p)[i] = *(int *) v;
    2872             :                         break;
    2873             :                 case TYPE_lng:
    2874             :                 case TYPE_dbl:
    2875             :                         assert(sizeof(lng) == sizeof(dbl));
    2876   234886491 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2877   234852419 :                                 ((lng *) p)[i] = *(lng *) v;
    2878             :                         break;
    2879             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    2880             :                 case TYPE_hge:
    2881    27265890 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2882    27264271 :                                 ((hge *) p)[i] = *(hge *) v;
    2883             :                         break;
    2884             : #endif
    2885             :                 case TYPE_uuid:
    2886      200047 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2887      200038 :                                 ((uuid *) p)[i] = *(uuid *) v;
    2888             :                         break;
    2889       15632 :                 case TYPE_str:
    2890             :                         /* insert the first value, then just copy the
    2891             :                          * offset lots of times */
    2892       15632 :                         if (tfastins_nocheck(bn, 0, v) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    2893           0 :                                 BBPreclaim(bn);
    2894           0 :                                 return NULL;
    2895             :                         }
    2896       15636 :                         char val[sizeof(var_t)];
    2897       15636 :                         memcpy(val, Tloc(bn, 0), bn->twidth);
    2898       15636 :                         if (bn->twidth == 1 && n > 1) {
    2899             :                                 /* single byte value: we have a
    2900             :                                  * function for that */
    2901        8069 :                                 memset(Tloc(bn, 1), val[0], n - 1);
    2902             :                         } else {
    2903        7567 :                                 char *p = Tloc(bn, 0);
    2904        7587 :                                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
    2905          20 :                                         p += bn->twidth;
    2906          20 :                                         memcpy(p, val, bn->twidth);
    2907             :                                 }
    2908             :                         }
    2909             :                         break;
    2910             :                 default:
    2911      333712 :                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    2912      333562 :                                 if (tfastins_nocheck(bn, i, v) != GDK_SUCCEED) {
    2913           0 :                                         BBPreclaim(bn);
    2914           0 :                                         return NULL;
    2915             :                                 }
    2916             :                         break;
    2917             :                 }
    2918       88841 :                 bn->theap->dirty = true;
    2919       88841 :                 bn->tnil = n >= 1 && ATOMnilptr(tailtype) && (*ATOMcompare(tailtype))(v, ATOMnilptr(tailtype)) == 0;
    2920       88852 :                 BATsetcount(bn, n);
    2921       88954 :                 bn->tsorted = bn->trevsorted = ATOMlinear(tailtype);
    2922       88954 :                 bn->tnonil = !bn->tnil;
    2923       88954 :                 bn->tkey = BATcount(bn) <= 1;
    2924             :         }
    2925     2118311 :         TRC_DEBUG(ALGO, "-> " ALGOOPTBATFMT " " LLFMT "usec\n",
    2926             :                   ALGOOPTBATPAR(bn), GDKusec() - t0);
    2927             :         return bn;
    2928             : }
    2929             : 
    2930             : /*
    2931             :  * BAT Aggregates
    2932             :  *
    2933             :  * We retain the size() and card() aggregate results in the column
    2934             :  * descriptor.  We would like to have such functionality in an
    2935             :  * extensible way for many aggregates, for DD (1) we do not want to
    2936             :  * change the binary BAT format on disk and (2) aggr and size are the
    2937             :  * most relevant aggregates.
    2938             :  *
    2939             :  * It is all hacked into the aggr[3] records; three adjacent integers
    2940             :  * that were left over in the column record. We refer to these as if
    2941             :  * it where an int aggr[3] array.  The below routines set and retrieve
    2942             :  * the aggregate values from the tail of the BAT, as many
    2943             :  * aggregate-manipulating BAT functions work on tail.
    2944             :  *
    2945             :  * The rules are as follows: aggr[0] contains the alignment ID of the
    2946             :  * column (if set i.e. nonzero).  Hence, if this value is nonzero and
    2947             :  * equal to b->talign, the precomputed aggregate values in
    2948             :  * aggr[GDK_AGGR_SIZE] and aggr[GDK_AGGR_CARD] hold. However, only one
    2949             :  * of them may be set at the time. This is encoded by the value
    2950             :  * int_nil, which cannot occur in these two aggregates.
    2951             :  *
    2952             :  * This was now extended to record the property whether we know there
    2953             :  * is a nil value present by mis-using the highest bits of both
    2954             :  * GDK_AGGR_SIZE and GDK_AGGR_CARD.
    2955             :  */
    2956             : 
    2957             : void
    2958    48468830 : PROPdestroy_nolock(BAT *b)
    2959             : {
    2960    48468830 :         PROPrec *p = b->tprops;
    2961    48468830 :         PROPrec *n;
    2962             : 
    2963    48468830 :         b->tprops = NULL;
    2964    48472705 :         while (p) {
    2965        4895 :                 n = p->next;
    2966        4895 :                 assert(p->id != (enum prop_t) 20);
    2967        4895 :                 VALclear(&p->v);
    2968        4895 :                 GDKfree(p);
    2969        4895 :                 p = n;
    2970             :         }
    2971    48467810 : }
    2972             : 
    2973             : void
    2974         433 : PROPdestroy(BAT *b)
    2975             : {
    2976         433 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    2977         433 :         PROPdestroy_nolock(b);
    2978         433 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    2979         433 : }
    2980             : 
    2981             : ValPtr
    2982   207346782 : BATgetprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    2983             : {
    2984   207346782 :         PROPrec *p;
    2985             : 
    2986   207346782 :         p = b->tprops;
    2987   207353797 :         while (p && p->id != idx)
    2988        7015 :                 p = p->next;
    2989   207346782 :         return p ? &p->v : NULL;
    2990             : }
    2991             : 
    2992             : void
    2993      404261 : BATrmprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    2994             : {
    2995      404261 :         PROPrec *prop = b->tprops, *prev = NULL;
    2996             : 
    2997      404496 :         while (prop) {
    2998      404369 :                 if (prop->id == idx) {
    2999      404134 :                         if (prev)
    3000         106 :                                 prev->next = prop->next;
    3001             :                         else
    3002      404028 :                                 b->tprops = prop->next;
    3003      404134 :                         VALclear(&prop->v);
    3004      404134 :                         GDKfree(prop);
    3005      404134 :                         return;
    3006             :                 }
    3007         235 :                 prev = prop;
    3008         235 :                 prop = prop->next;
    3009             :         }
    3010             : }
    3011             : 
    3012             : ValPtr
    3013      409068 : BATsetprop_nolock(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx, int type, const void *v)
    3014             : {
    3015      409068 :         PROPrec *p;
    3016             : 
    3017      409068 :         p = b->tprops;
    3018      416434 :         while (p && p->id != idx)
    3019        7366 :                 p = p->next;
    3020      409068 :         if (p == NULL) {
    3021      409061 :                 if ((p = GDKmalloc(sizeof(PROPrec))) == NULL) {
    3022             :                         /* properties are hints, so if we can't create
    3023             :                          * one we ignore the error */
    3024           0 :                         GDKclrerr();
    3025           0 :                         return NULL;
    3026             :                 }
    3027      409061 :                 p->id = idx;
    3028      409061 :                 p->next = b->tprops;
    3029      409061 :                 p->v.vtype = 0;
    3030      409061 :                 b->tprops = p;
    3031             :         } else {
    3032           7 :                 VALclear(&p->v);
    3033             :         }
    3034      409068 :         if (VALinit(&p->v, type, v) == NULL) {
    3035             :                 /* failed to initialize, so remove property */
    3036           0 :                 BATrmprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3037           0 :                 GDKclrerr();
    3038           0 :                 p = NULL;
    3039             :         }
    3040           0 :         return p ? &p->v : NULL;
    3041             : }
    3042             : 
    3043             : ValPtr
    3044     3416210 : BATgetprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    3045             : {
    3046     3416210 :         ValPtr p;
    3047             : 
    3048     3416210 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3049     3419848 :         p = BATgetprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3050     3419693 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3051     3420927 :         return p;
    3052             : }
    3053             : 
    3054             : ValPtr
    3055        4705 : BATsetprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx, int type, const void *v)
    3056             : {
    3057        4705 :         ValPtr p;
    3058        4705 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3059        4705 :         p = BATsetprop_nolock(b, idx, type, v);
    3060        4705 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3061        4705 :         return p;
    3062             : }
    3063             : 
    3064             : void
    3065           2 : BATrmprop(BAT *b, enum prop_t idx)
    3066             : {
    3067           2 :         MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3068           2 :         BATrmprop_nolock(b, idx);
    3069           2 :         MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3070           2 : }
    3071             : 
    3072             : /*
    3073             :  * The BATcount_no_nil function counts all BUN in a BAT that have a
    3074             :  * non-nil tail value.
    3075             :  * This function does not fail (the callers currently don't check for failure).
    3076             :  */
    3077             : BUN
    3078        2252 : BATcount_no_nil(BAT *b, BAT *s)
    3079             : {
    3080        2252 :         BUN cnt = 0;
    3081        2252 :         const void *restrict p, *restrict nil;
    3082        2252 :         const char *restrict base;
    3083        2252 :         int t;
    3084        2252 :         int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *);
    3085        2252 :         struct canditer ci;
    3086        2252 :         oid hseq;
    3087             : 
    3088        2252 :         BATcheck(b, 0);
    3089             : 
    3090        2252 :         hseq = b->hseqbase;
    3091        2252 :         canditer_init(&ci, b, s);
    3092        2252 :         BATiter bi = bat_iterator(b);
    3093        2252 :         if (bi.nonil) {
    3094        2013 :                 bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    3095        2012 :                 return ci.ncand;
    3096             :         }
    3097         239 :         p = bi.base;
    3098         239 :         t = ATOMbasetype(bi.type);
    3099         239 :         switch (t) {
    3100           0 :         case TYPE_void:
    3101           0 :                 cnt = ci.ncand * BATtdensebi(&bi);
    3102           0 :                 break;
    3103           0 :         case TYPE_msk:
    3104           0 :                 cnt = ci.ncand;
    3105           0 :                 break;
    3106          16 :         case TYPE_bte:
    3107          32 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3108          16 :                         cnt += !is_bte_nil(((const bte *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3109             :                 break;
    3110           0 :         case TYPE_sht:
    3111           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3112           0 :                         cnt += !is_sht_nil(((const sht *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3113             :                 break;
    3114         113 :         case TYPE_int:
    3115     3329725 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3116     3329612 :                         cnt += !is_int_nil(((const int *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3117             :                 break;
    3118          85 :         case TYPE_lng:
    3119      156873 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3120      156788 :                         cnt += !is_lng_nil(((const lng *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3121             :                 break;
    3122             : #ifdef HAVE_HGE
    3123           0 :         case TYPE_hge:
    3124           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3125           0 :                         cnt += !is_hge_nil(((const hge *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3126             :                 break;
    3127             : #endif
    3128           0 :         case TYPE_flt:
    3129           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3130           0 :                         cnt += !is_flt_nil(((const flt *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3131             :                 break;
    3132           0 :         case TYPE_dbl:
    3133           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3134           0 :                         cnt += !is_dbl_nil(((const dbl *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3135             :                 break;
    3136           0 :         case TYPE_uuid:
    3137           0 :                 CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3138           0 :                         cnt += !is_uuid_nil(((const uuid *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]);
    3139             :                 break;
    3140          25 :         case TYPE_str:
    3141          25 :                 base = bi.vh->base;
    3142          25 :                 switch (bi.width) {
    3143          23 :                 case 1:
    3144        4809 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3145        4786 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint8_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq] + GDK_VAROFFSET] != '\200';
    3146             :                         break;
    3147           2 :                 case 2:
    3148         312 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3149         310 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint16_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq] + GDK_VAROFFSET] != '\200';
    3150             :                         break;
    3151           0 :                 case 4:
    3152           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3153           0 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint32_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]] != '\200';
    3154             :                         break;
    3155             : #if SIZEOF_VAR_T == 8
    3156           0 :                 case 8:
    3157           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3158           0 :                                 cnt += base[(var_t) ((const uint64_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]] != '\200';
    3159             :                         break;
    3160             : #endif
    3161             :                 default:
    3162           0 :                         MT_UNREACHABLE();
    3163             :                 }
    3164             :                 break;
    3165           0 :         default:
    3166           0 :                 nil = ATOMnilptr(t);
    3167           0 :                 cmp = ATOMcompare(t);
    3168           0 :                 if (nil == NULL) {
    3169           0 :                         cnt = ci.ncand;
    3170           0 :                 } else if (b->tvheap) {
    3171           0 :                         base = b->tvheap->base;
    3172           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3173           0 :                                 cnt += (*cmp)(nil, base + ((const var_t *) p)[canditer_next(&ci) - hseq]) != 0;
    3174             :                 } else {
    3175           0 :                         CAND_LOOP(&ci)
    3176           0 :                                 cnt += (*cmp)(BUNtloc(bi, canditer_next(&ci) - hseq), nil) != 0;
    3177             :                 }
    3178             :                 break;
    3179             :         }
    3180         239 :         if (cnt == bi.count) {
    3181          35 :                 MT_lock_set(&b->theaplock);
    3182          35 :                 if (cnt == BATcount(b) && bi.h == b->theap) {
    3183             :                         /* we learned something */
    3184          35 :                         b->tnonil = true;
    3185          35 :                         assert(!b->tnil);
    3186          35 :                         b->tnil = false;
    3187             :                 }
    3188          35 :                 bat pbid = VIEWtparent(b);
    3189          35 :                 MT_lock_unset(&b->theaplock);
    3190          35 :                 if (pbid) {
    3191          21 :                         BAT *pb = BATdescriptor(pbid);
    3192          21 :                         if (pb) {
    3193          21 :                                 MT_lock_set(&pb->theaplock);
    3194          21 :                                 if (cnt == BATcount(pb) &&
    3195           0 :                                     bi.h == pb->theap &&
    3196           0 :                                     !pb->tnonil) {
    3197           0 :                                         pb->tnonil = true;
    3198           0 :                                         assert(!pb->tnil);
    3199           0 :                                         pb->tnil = false;
    3200             :                                 }
    3201          21 :                                 MT_lock_unset(&pb->theaplock);
    3202          21 :                                 BBPunfix(pb->batCacheid);
    3203             :                         }
    3204             :                 }
    3205             :         }
    3206         239 :         bat_iterator_end(&bi);
    3207         239 :         return cnt;
    3208             : }

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